Occupational Therapy for Dementia Patients Assignment

Occupational Therapy for Dementia Patients - Assignment Example A patient may display abrupt mood swings, become aggressive and angry due to chemical changes in the brain. The patient may develop fear and frustration as he feels that he is gradually losing knowledge and understanding of his surroundings (Scout News, 2006). A person with AD may live anywhere from three to twenty years after diagnosis. On the final phase of AD, a patient becomes increasingly immobile and dysfunctional, totally incontinent that he cannot control his urine or bowel movement; may become bedridden that bed sores and suffers from muscle pain; may lose the ability to swallow and may not be able to eat or drink properly. At the stage of end of life care, the patient may require feeding tubes, respirator, antibiotics and hospitalization. Occupational therapy is recommended by physicians to help the patient improve the ability to perform daily activities and reduce the pressure on their caregivers (Griffith, 2007). Occupational therapy can improve the daily performance, communication, sense of competence and quality of life of an AD patient. The therapist applies a combination of education, setting feasible goals, using adaptations in physical environment, training compensatory skills, training supervision skills, and changing dysfunctional cognitions on patient behavior. The occupational therapist can help the patient's caregiver to understand the impact of AD ona person's day-to-day function (Scout News, 2006). ... the occupational therapist based on Canada's Occupational Therapy Resource Site (2009): 1) minimize distractions in the environment by reducing excess noise at mealtime and decrease confusion by eating regularly, maintaining same table setting, use plain dishes and minimal cutlery; 2) provide opportunities for independence and personal control by dressing, lay out the clothes in the order that they will be put on by the patient and allow the patient with AD to do as much as he can for himself together with verbal cues and encouragement. When eating, use tableware with enlarged handles, plates with rims, and non-slip placemat to help the patient maintain coordination and be independent; 3) ensure consistency in routines by preparing a schedule of regular daily activities for personal care, medication, meals, leisure, walking, and retiring to bed; 4) maintain a safe and secure environment for the patient by providing grab-bars, non-slip bathmat, bathbench and hand-held shower with ther mostatic shower control in the bathroom; 5) manage stress by developing coping skills, providing support, and counseling; 6) learning about the disease, its effects, and future care. II. Diagnostic procedures and Prognosis of OT Intervention Physicians usually do not tell the patient that he has AD. Only in the case than the patient expresses the need to know the truth that the doctor discloses his condition. The doctor will prescribe drugs to slowdown progression of AD. Drug trials are performed in early stages of AD. Most of the doctors dealing with AD will recommend Occupational Therapy to help the patient improve his capability to perform daily activities and speech therapy to maintain verbal skills of patients with mild symptoms of AD. Another type of therapy developed is

Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay Example for Free

Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay A subsidiary ledger is a ledger that includes all of the details of a general ledger, and it holds accounts with similar attributes. The purpose is that is can contain things such as accounts receivable and accounts payable and it can show the sum total. The advantages of using subsidiary ledgers is that the sum of all the accounts is kept in the General Ledger and all of the details of the accounts are kept in the subsidiary ledger which is separate so you can keep them in different columns so to not get confused. A control account is an account that contains the total number of sales/purchases made. If you add up all of the individual accounts it should equal the control account, also known as a summary of the account. The purpose of a control account is that it doesn’t have to contain all of the details but it will have all of the financial information organized accurately. The accounts receivable and accounts payable ledgers are two general ledger accounts that act as control accounts for a subsidiary ledger. Cash receipts journal, cash payments journal, sales journal, and the purchase journal are the four different special journals of accounting. The advantages of all the journals are that transactions that occur on a daily basis can be put into a specific journal and one person can be in charge of that journal. All of the information can be tracked in one place which can make the work much easier as well. A cash payments journal can be used with any company that deals primarily with cash which is most companies. A cash receipts journal is sometimes used for the sales of a product to help track transactions. Purchase journals are used with companies that make a lot of purchases on one account while sales journals are for companies that perform purchases. The sales journal posts the sum on the general ledger at the end of the pay period/month.

Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Bro

Analysis of Young Goodman Brown "Young Goodman Brown" by Nathanial Hawthorne is a short story that is very interesting, as well as entertaining. This essay will first provide a brief summary of the story, followed by an analysis of the importance of symbolism. The nature of evil will then be discussed as it relates to the control of the mind of a once naive and innocent goodman Brown. The climax of the story will be analyzed and the evil within this passage will be discussed and related to the final downfall of goodman Brown. As "Young Goodman Brown" begins, we are introduced to goodman Brown and his wife Faith as they bid farewell to one another on the streets of Salem village. It is sunset and goodman Brown is setting off on a journey to run a secret errand. We later find out that he is planning on meeting Satan and sacrificing his soul to pure evil. Throughout the story, goodman Brown is tormented by the idea of evil and he is doubtful of weather or not he should continue on his journey. He is finally persuaded, however, when he hears Faith turn herself over to Satan. Toward the end of the story we find out that this whole excursion may have been a dream, but even so, goodman Brown was so impacted by it that he will never recover to live a peaceful, happy life. He will die a miserable death, with no hopeful verse carved upon his tomb, for as we are told in the final line of the story, `his dying hour was gloom'(pg.585). Symbolism plays an important role in this story, as it does in many of Hawthornes stories. First of all, the fact that goodman Brown's wife is named Faithis... ...good and evil as he has been throughout the story, but here it is different because it is the moment of truth in which he would either choose good over evil or evil over good. We never know which he ended up choosing, but it appears that he chose evil because for the rest of his life, he can see no good in anything or anybody. Evil rules his existence as he is haunted by guilt that will not let him enjoy the beautiful things in this world. This choice signifies goodman Brown's final downfall into the arms of evil, as he will be destined to live a life of misery. No good will ever be seen, heard, or understood by goodman Brown again, for he only sees the evil in this world. As we are told in the final passage of this story, when goodman Brown finally leaves this world, "they carved not a hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his final hour was gloom."(pg.585) Analysis of Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Bro Analysis of Young Goodman Brown "Young Goodman Brown" by Nathanial Hawthorne is a short story that is very interesting, as well as entertaining. This essay will first provide a brief summary of the story, followed by an analysis of the importance of symbolism. The nature of evil will then be discussed as it relates to the control of the mind of a once naive and innocent goodman Brown. The climax of the story will be analyzed and the evil within this passage will be discussed and related to the final downfall of goodman Brown. As "Young Goodman Brown" begins, we are introduced to goodman Brown and his wife Faith as they bid farewell to one another on the streets of Salem village. It is sunset and goodman Brown is setting off on a journey to run a secret errand. We later find out that he is planning on meeting Satan and sacrificing his soul to pure evil. Throughout the story, goodman Brown is tormented by the idea of evil and he is doubtful of weather or not he should continue on his journey. He is finally persuaded, however, when he hears Faith turn herself over to Satan. Toward the end of the story we find out that this whole excursion may have been a dream, but even so, goodman Brown was so impacted by it that he will never recover to live a peaceful, happy life. He will die a miserable death, with no hopeful verse carved upon his tomb, for as we are told in the final line of the story, `his dying hour was gloom'(pg.585). Symbolism plays an important role in this story, as it does in many of Hawthornes stories. First of all, the fact that goodman Brown's wife is named Faithis... ...good and evil as he has been throughout the story, but here it is different because it is the moment of truth in which he would either choose good over evil or evil over good. We never know which he ended up choosing, but it appears that he chose evil because for the rest of his life, he can see no good in anything or anybody. Evil rules his existence as he is haunted by guilt that will not let him enjoy the beautiful things in this world. This choice signifies goodman Brown's final downfall into the arms of evil, as he will be destined to live a life of misery. No good will ever be seen, heard, or understood by goodman Brown again, for he only sees the evil in this world. As we are told in the final passage of this story, when goodman Brown finally leaves this world, "they carved not a hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his final hour was gloom."(pg.585)

Causes and Effects of Gambia’s Youthful Population

Causes and Effects of a Youthful population Gambia is a small, narrow, horizontal country in western Africa. It is surrounded by Senegal and a short strip of Atlantic coastline at its western end. When a country has a high number of children, it is said to have a youthful population. There are many Causes and Effects for this: Social There are many social causes and effects. * 95% of Gambia’s population is Muslim. This means they can marry more than one wife. Each woman has a TFR (total fertility rate) of about 7 children. A man marrying 3 or 4 wives can mean 21-28 children.It could be more children as, in a country with a high infant mortality rate, women tend to have more children for a better chance of survival. * Education isn’t common meaning contraceptives and family planning is harder to reach. Also it is discouraged, traditionally. This would mean people won’t use contraception and families will grow larger. Also it is a taboo subject so people wonâ€℠¢t question the fact that their families are so big. * Gambia is a poor country; there is not enough money to make government programmes that educate and inform women about family planning etc. eaning, again, more children. * Many children means families are likely to have financial problems; there will not be enough money to feed and support an ever-growing family. This will make malnutrition common; homes will be extremely over-crowded and poor sanitation. * With large proportions of children in the country, there will not be enough education. There is a shortage of toilet facilities and educational material. Often schools have to adopt a 2 shift system; some children educated in the morning and some later in the day.Environmental * Due to large families and the need to use more resources, desertification of the forests can become a problem. People will use the wood for fires in their homes, for making houses and for selling. The land left will end up as a desert therefore making the temperature rise. 2/3 of forests are now gone. Economic * Due to the 2 shift system and lack of money, teachers are poorly paid and can work up to 12 hours a day. * Lack of work means 1 in 3 14 year olds have to work to help to support their family. Because of over-crowding in the cities, they are being expanded but there isn’t enough money to do a good job of it. Also there is a lack of money for the infrastructure. * There is no money to build new schools so overpopulation is very common; 3000 pupils are divided into 26 classrooms. 6 toilets for 3000 pupils, typically with queues of 50 plus students. So to summarize, due to the high birth rate and falling infant mortality rate and improvements in the level of healthcare available, the population has been increasing rapidly.Gambia’s population doubles every 28 years and it is expected to be 3. 9 million in 2050. About 63. 55% of the population is under 25; elderly people of 65 years and above account for only 2. 8 % of the population. This will create a high dependency ratio. In the future it will be harder to find employment and accommodation with even more of a strain on food resources, infrastructure and the health service, which is already struggling. However, in the future, there will be a large and cheap workforce.

Becoming an adult

My childhood consisted of so many responsibilities, so for me adulthood came at a very young age. Due to a neglectful provider I had to find my own way. Most of my friends were so eager to grow up and get out of their parents house. I on the other hand was looking for a resting place with a nurturing parent. Unfortunately, I ended up in foster care at age seventeen. I became very emotional, but I didn't give up.Adulthood came with many egrets for me, but this sorrow due to loss of childhood had to wait, because responsibilities were â€Å"knocking on the door†. After the hasten process of maturity, I begin to view life from the eyes of what I was, an adult. Grasping the concept made things much easier. I begin learning my way and creating my own path at the same time. So therefore, I graduated high school early got a Job and attended a community college for my Nurse Aide 1 certification. Once I reached 18 1 got an apartment. I then obtained a position In substance abuse workin g as a Certified Nursing Assistant.After two and a half years of work I decided to attend college for Nursing, and It Is very telling getting off a night shift Job attending morning classes, but that Is part of being an adult nothing comes easy It takes hard work and determination. However, people seem to not understand the meaning of being an adult. I feel Like age Is irrelevant when it comes to being an adult due to the simple fact an adolescent can have more sense than a person that's middle aged. I myself have personally encountered this several times in my life.I will admit being an adult comes with a lot f responsibility, and you have to be responsible for your own actions and make decisions. Sometimes I would find myself getting upset, because I didn't have parents there for me and I had to be an adult before it was time for me to be one, but now as I look back I am thankful where I stand in life as a young lady, and I continue to learn and grow every day. The more that life goes on, I realize that I benefited from all the negatives I experienced as a child. I learned to turn all the negative Into a positive to make me a better person as an adult.BY seamiest jesting place with a nurturing parent. Unfortunately, I ended up in foster care at age obtained a position in substance abuse working as a Certified Nursing Assistant. After two and a half years of work I decided to attend college for Nursing, and it is very tiring getting Off night shift Job attending morning classes, but that is part of being an adult nothing comes easy it takes hard work and determination. However, people seem to not understand the meaning of being an adult. I feel like age is negatives I experienced as a child. I learned to turn all the negative into a positive to Becoming an adult As one takes the road to maturity through the phase of adulthood, various influences can be taken from experiences. But, it must be distinguished that most influences come from one’s kind of family or the environment within the family. The stage of adulthood is an important and at the same time, a critical point in a person’s life. Majority of young adults still live with their own families thus, it can be assumed that parents, to be more specific aid in rearing the young adults.From chapter 13 of the book, The Expanded Family Life Cycle Edited by Betty Carter & Monica McGoldrick, viewpoints and principles that might be grasped by some adolescents of both sexes were tackled. As adolescents progress in the long run, these outlooks can either be retained or chucked out. These viewpoints are interconnected in one way or another. Examples of the given values will be provided for further discussion. The list will start with the attempt of the adolescents on learning how to w ork. In a patriarchal society, men are expected to imbibe the concept of work earlier in their lives compared to the women.A male fresh graduate will dive in; head first, to get a good paying job for a sense of accomplishment. Second on the list is self-involvement. In this aspect, an adolescent can engage in activities that will enhance skills, personality and maturity. Enrolling at a dance class or being part of a community work can be some of illustrations of diverting attention to the self, instead of sharing a relationship with somebody. Idealism, another concept in the life of a young adult is probably one of the signs of cheap maturity.Cheap in a sense that idealism brings in the thought that life can be all rainbows and butterflies if taken seriously and carefully. But, in reality, life can knock you down in the most unexpected way possible. An example of this is when the young adult trust the wrong person. After experiencing such event, the adolescent will then find out tha t trust should not be given to everybody without any hesitations. Thus the young adult will then be arriving at the conclusion that the idealism regarding trust doesn’t exist.Another example is when the parents of a young adult underwent divorce. The young adult will now form a concept that when he grows up, he will choose his wife carefully and have a happy married life. Then again, if and when fate takes a bad turn, such idealism will be broken. Aside from the parents or older members of one’s family, a young adult can look up to someone near to him. This is to feed such need of defining the self. Mentors can influence the young adult in a good or bad way, depending on what type of mentor he is.Somebody who is musically inclined can pick a lead singer of a local band as an inspiration. On the other hand, somebody who wants to be popular at school may take in the role of a school jock who keeps on doing vices, seeing that the said jock gains friends and fame through t hose actions. Next is the concept of having a perfect love. Acquiring such notion is linked with the concept of idealism. Yes, the family can provide love and care but the young adult will seek live from a different level, a romantic level that is.In that kind of love, one can share the other side of his or her personality. For an instance, a daughter who is an only child will long for someone that she can take care of because she doesn’t have any siblings to look after. Or, she might seek attention from a guy if she is not given enough time by her parents. The stage of adolescence is also the peak of curiosity. Thus, the inquisitiveness in trying out things comes into the scene. Alcohol and drugs are the common entities that deal with such curiosity.The young adult can either get hooked on those vices when not used in moderation or just use it so to get something sexual experience or enjoy a party. At some point in time, the viewpoint of self-involvement that was introduced earlier will pass and will be replaced by the thought of becoming a householder. From simply enrolling at a dance class, the adult may find the need to give that up if he or she will get married. The adult might choose to save the money for a vacation with his loved one instead for paying for a dance class.A sudden change of priorities will definitely take place due to the notion of becoming a householder in the near future. Also, the concept of having a mentor will change in late adulthood. Thinking that the vocalist of a local band is somewhat inspiring, the adult will come to realize that he or she has her own style of artistry in music. Hence, a realization that the idealism of having an achievement is not based on what the vocalist can do but of what the adult can do. The young adult who perceived the jock as the fame getter will think that excelling in school is a better way of stepping up.As for the curiosity of trying the vices, some â€Å"habits† brought by the vices can change if the young adult will realize that all those are just for cheap thrills and should only be done in moderation if cannot be avoided completely. The differences done by the later phase of adulthood may have a positive or negative feedback from the family of the adult. A positive feedback can be solicited through being grateful of the sense of responsibility and independence while a negative feedback can be caused by the paranoia of the parents that they can no longer watch the young adult’s every move.The transformations can bring about independence but this will not be achieved if and when there is still financial dependence to the parents. A son who is already an adult but is still supported by his parents on his needs at law school cannot fully say that he is already independent. The ego of the son might be affected but he can’t do anything with the set-up yet. The viewpoint of continuity versus innovation can be related to the said example. After finish ing law school, the son has the choice to work in his town or travel elsewhere.The parents, being as protective as they are might hinder him to work in a far place. The decision of the son in leaving can be influenced by the fact that his parents provided his needs when he was still studying. So, he may choose not to work in other towns. If he chose to leave, the concept of family dynamics can be applied given that he has siblings. The attention that the parents used to give him will be diverted to the younger ones. But by the time he comes home for an occasion, attention will be drawn to him again.A different example would be when the eldest daughter got married but her husband died eventually. The daughter decided to move in with her parents since she doesn’t have a child. The room that was now occupied by a younger sibling that used to be owned by the eldest should be vacated since the eldest sister is now staying with them. Lastly, the manifestation of an adult’s p rogress can still affect the relationship of his or her parents. A busy household with two working parents can take for granted one’s relationship with the husband or wife.If their children would leave, they can catch up for the lost times when they are focused on taking care of the children. Otherwise, the flame may have died out many years even before the children grew up. The upbringing of a person done by the parents will be reflected through his achievements, principles or even mistakes. It must be taken into consideration that the link between the stages of adolescence can strike a mirror effect to the adult, the parents or the family as a whole. The effects, be it in the same or a different pole, should be used for one’s improvement and not for a fall down life’s hill.

MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES essays

MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES essays The mitochondrion is the energy manufacturer of the cell. It is equivalent to the engine of a car. These tiny biological machines combine the food we eat with oxygen to produce energy to keep our bodies going. The energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in the form of a chemical called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The mitochondria is involved in making of steroid hormones and DNA. Each cell in the body contains an average of five hundred, to two thousand mitochondria. When they are dysfunctional, the body can develop energy crisis in the muscles, tissues, brain and the heart. Examples of the mitochondria diseases include: Autoimmune hepatitis is a type of chronic active hepatitis. It is caused by cellular immune reactions. A variety of circulating autoantibodies can be found in the blood og patients with chronic active hepatitis. Other autoimmune diseases are thyroiditis diabetes mellitus and ulcerative colitis. Its complications are liver cell failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is a disease rare in children. The symptoms for autoimmune hepatitis include dark urine, loss of appetite, fatigue, abdominal distention, and generalized itching and also absence of menstruation. Liver biopsy shows chronic active hepatitis. Prevention of this disorder may not be possible. Awareness of risk factors may allow early detection and treatment. Prednisone or other corticoseriods help reduce the inflammation. Azathioprine or mercaptopurines are drugs usually used to treat immune disorders. Activity should be modified according to the symptoms. In addition, a well balanced diet promotes healing. Parkinsons disease occurs when certain nerve cells or neurons in an area of the brain become impaired. It belongs to a group of conditions ...

This is a continuation of the short story, The Lady or the Tiger. The tiger is killed by the prince who cleverly hides a knife in his shoe and stabs the tiger in the eye.

This is a continuation of the short story, The Lady or the Tiger. The tiger is killed by the prince who cleverly hides a knife in his shoe and stabs the tiger in the eye. The young man "turned, and with a firm and rapid step he walked across the empty space. Every heart stopped beating, every breath was held, and every eye was fixed immovably upon that man. Without the slightest hesitation, he went up to the door on the right, and opened it."Now what was behind the door may be a surprise. The princess loved the man very much, did she not? She loved him so much that she would only want the very best for him, would she not? Maybe though, somewhere, in her semi-barbaric self, the princess only wanted what she wanted and nothing more.So keeping all of this in mind, I will say that in fact the princess did only want what she wanted. In making that very slight, almost innocent, gesture to the right, she was condemning her lover to death as to reserve him for herself and keep him from loving another woman.TigerFor she knew that the tiger lay behind the right door and that the lady lay behind the left.Immediately after opening the right door only a slight cra ck the man knew that the tiger was there and tried to quickly close the door, but it was too late. The tiger, seeing freedom and dinner, leapt forward and flung open the door with such force that it hurled the man back.Although some may think that at this point the man's life is over, this particular man was always prepared for anything to happen. Before he had been sent away to the king's court he had won the favor of a guard who secretly slipped him a knife. So before the man was thrown from the door he was already reaching for his knife. The tiger immediately, after seeing his prey, leapt...

The Surfeit of Weird Exceptions to the I-Before-E Rule

The Surfeit of Weird Exceptions to the I-Before-E Rule The Surfeit of Weird Exceptions to the I-Before-E Rule The Surfeit of Weird Exceptions to the I-Before-E Rule By Mark Nichol In the chaos of spelling of the English language, some rules provide comfort until you realize that the number of exceptions renders a rule nearly useless as a memory aid. Such is the case with the rule that in vowel pairs, i comes before e except when the pairing follows c. The pairing ie is the default setting: Believe, die, and friend are just a few of the many words that follow the rule. However, exceptions are numerous, as exemplified in the sentence â€Å"Seize their eight feisty neighbors being weird.† And although the order after c is often ei (ceiling, deceit, receive), the order is often inverted (science, species, sufficient). To be more useful, the rule should continue, â€Å"or when pronounced like a long a, as in weigh or like a long e.† The rule that i comes before e except after c is contradicted by the fact that more than twenty times as many words have the letter sequence cie as the sequence cei, so that’s not a very useful rule. Also, the sequence ei often does not follow c. This is true in many categories of words, including the following ten groups: proper names, such as Keith chemical names like caffeine words in which ei is pronounced like a long e, such as leisure (many exceptions, such as piece) words in which ei is pronounced like a schwa (a weak â€Å"uh†), such as forfeit words in which ei is pronounced like a long a, such as weigh (this sound is never spelled ie, except in the American English pronunciation of lingerie) words in which ei is pronounced like a long i, such as height (exceptions include die) rare cases of ei pronounced, for example, like a short a, such as heifer words in which the vowel-and-consonant sound rhyming with ear is pronounced, such as weird (exceptions include pierce) words in which the vowel-and-consonant sound rhyming with heir is pronounced, such as their (this sound is never spelled ier) words in which e and i are each part of a separate syllable (albeit, being, reignite) Ultimately, it may be wise to forget that such a rule exists and always check spelling of words that may have an ie or an ei combination. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Telling a Good Poem from a Bad OneMood vs. Tense

Employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment relations - Essay Example The inequalities in society normally fall under the above mentioned heads (Andrews, 2007, Livesey, 2006). Discrimination of employees or inequalities of employees means treating an employee different from others. This is a very serious offence and is illegal for companies to treat employees differently. A company can be faced with a lot of legal issues and employees have the rights to even sue the company (Epstein, 1995). The next section focuses on the different basis of inequalities among employees at work places. Explanations of the causes for these issues are also discussed. Direct Discrimination: This type of discrimination refers to when employees discriminate among employees because of their sex, martial status or because of gender reassignment. This type of discrimination does not have a strong basis and employers tend to discriminate for reasons that are unlawful and invalid (Direct Gov, 2008). Indirect Discrimination: This type of discrimination is when employers put down certain invalid reasons to build certain working practices or rules within an organization. Rules such as fixing a minimum height which might discriminate against most women or even cases where employers refuse to employ part time workers for no valid reason (Direct Gov, 2008). Harassment: This is a very common sight in a lot of offices. This however is now being taken very seriously and laws relating to this have been tightened over the past few years. In this kind of discrimination the employees face offensive behaviour from employers or others within the organization. There can be passing of sexual remarks or gestures, or allowing of sexually explicit material to be displayed or distributed within the organization. Some employees also face the issue of being offensively nick named because of gender (Direct Gov, 2008). Victimization: This form of discrimination is seen in many offices when an employee has had the courage to

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example l conditions, certain pests, chemicals, or even spoilage as an example of characteristic traits that technology in genetic engineering aims to introduce in a plant. Hillstrom (2012) explains that GM crops are always generated in a laboratory, and this is through an alteration of the genetic makeup of the crops. To achieve this objective, Hillstrom (2012) explains that scientists will add one, or more genes to the genome of the plant, by using techniques of genetic engineering. Arvanitoyannis (2005) manages to explain that majority of genetically modified crops are produced through the biolistic method, or through the mediated transformation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Arvanitoyannis (2005) further denotes that crops that are modified and developed by the use of the GM technology do not have any changes that was not intended by the scientists, while producing the crop under consideration. The tobacco crop plant is the most genetically modified crop. This is because tobacco is easy t o propagate, and there is an extensive study of its genomes. On this basis, Arvanitoyannis (2005) explains that the tobacco crop plant serves as a model for other species of plants. In using the biolistic method to create a genetically modified plant, Healey (2010) explains that the DNA material is bound to a tiny particle of tungsten or gold, which are then shot to the single plant cell or plant tissue under high pressure. After this occurs, the accelerated particles are able to penetrate the membrane and cell wall of the plant. The DNA thereafter separates from the metallic substances and is then integrated into the genome of the plant, within its nucleus. This method is widely used in the genetic production of cultivated monocots, such as maize and wheat. Arvanitoyannis (2005) denotes that genetically transforming these substances by the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has not always achieved success. However, one of the major disadvantages of using this technique is that it can

Sino-American relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sino-American relations - Essay Example Given the importance of Sino-American relations, this paper examines important issues in the bilateral relations between the United States and China. To understand Sino-American relations, it is important to comprehend the parties' perception of each other. China has for long viewed the United States as its biggest foreign policy problem because, as the only global power in the post-Cold War and post-9/11 world, the latter more than any other country, has the ability to faciliate or hinder the fulfillment of vital Chinese foreign power objectives. These objectives range from coopting Taiwan into its territory, expanding economic prosperity and securing international recognition of China's status as a great power (Levine 91). While China's policy towards the United States is an area that engages the country's leaders and many of its citizens, the reverse is not true. Since the United States currently enjoys unipolarity, and will possibly continue to do so in the next few decades, the challenge for America is: how to preserve and promote American unipolarity (Zhang 686). Thus, while the United States is aware of the rising clout of the PRC, China is not on the top of Washington's foreign policy agenda (Levine 92-93), and probably only captures American attention insofar as it affects American hegemony. Taiwan and Japan In the shadow of this asymmetry in levels of interest, major conflicts of interest or real cooperation between the two giants unfold. Generally, such issues are connected with developments in Asia because it is in this region where the United States is most likely to come into contact with China (Wang [2]). A major worrisome security problem for China in Asia is the Republic of China ("ROC") on Taiwan. American interest in Taiwan is both historical and multi-faceted. For the first 30 years of the PRC's founding, the United States did not formally recognize the PRC. Rather, it recognized the ROC as the sole legitimate government of all China and maintained diplomatic relations with it. Although the United States transferred its recognition from Taipei to Beijing in the 1979's Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations ("Joint Communique") (Wikipedia, Sino-American relations), Taiwan's claims on American sympathies, which originated in Cold War anticommunism, have co ntinued to be reinvigorated by the transformation of the island into a vibrant plural democracy (Levine 101). Besides, American commercial, cultural and other unofficial contacts with Taiwan have continued since 1979 and indeed were acknowledged by Beijing in the Joint Communique. The United States is also a larger exporter of weaponry to Taiwan (Sino-American relations). In short, American interest in Taiwan is very much alive. To complicate matters, this interest is tied in with the United States' relations with Japan - one of its important allies in Asia. Since the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Japanese securities alliances have strengthened instead of weakened. The relationship between the United States and Japan has grown stronger after 9/11 with Tokyo's dispatch of troops to support the occupation of Iraq and provision of substantial reconstruction assistance to Afghanistan and Iraq

Creation of a Resource Management Plan Assignment

Creation of a Resource Management Plan - Assignment Example The higher management in the company is very concerned as time to launch the product in the market is critical. As a project manager, my first task is to develop a project network diagram, determine the float on each activity, identify the critical path and finally develop a responsibility assignment matrix. In this project, project activities with duration and allocated resources have already been identified. Project network diagrams show the project activities and logical relationship between them called dependencies (PMBOK 2008). Complete project details for each activity or a summary level detail can be included in the project network diagram produced manually or using a software. There are two main methods for constructing a project network diagram, namely: Precedence Diagramming Method and Arrow Diagramming Method (Hutchings 2005). Arrow Diagramming Method, also referred as activity on arrow technique, uses arrows to represent activities while nodes are used to represent dependencies. ADM uses only finish to start relationship to depict the dependencies among project activities. It also makes use of dummy activities, indicated by dashed lines, to logically show the relationship and dependencies among project activities. In our project, for contraction of project network diagram, precedence diagramming method is used and finish to start relationship has been used to indicate the project activities as shown in next page. Critical Path Method is a technique used to analyse the project schedule. It theoretically calculates the project’s early start, early finish, late start and late finish dates for all project activities without consideration of any resource allocation and respective limitations (Mulcahy 2011). This technique starts with first activity of the project and ends with the last activity of the project as highlighted

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Globalisation - Essay Example However, interrelations and dependence among the different economies of the world was present from the historical period but what appears to be new with the concept of globalization is the intensification of the awareness of people. Local transformations as well as extensions of social relations laterally through time and space are parts of the process of globalization. Thus, with globalization the society will be without borders and boundaries with no specified cultural territories. This often results in dominance of the developed countries of the world over the poor economies in their efforts of decision making which often leads to the exploitation of the dominant economy leading to their degradation of the environment and human rights suppression. Thus, the objectives of the global economists are to suppress the negative impacts of the globalization process so that the positivities of the phenomenon could dominate. (Globalization101, n.d.: Waters, 2001, pp. 2-4) Background of glob alization There have been constant debates among economist regarding whether globalization is a unique phenomenon of the recent modern period. However, history reveals that trade relations existed among economies from historical age. There were also cultural interactions among countries, and work relations as people migrated to different countries of the world for better living from the time immemorial. From the years before the First World War capital flows from one country to the other, trade relations between countries and immigration of workers existed. The change that ultimately occurred with globalization is the increase in the volume of unrestricted trade, doubling of the capital flows amongst economies and rise in the number of the migrants. For over the past twenty years the features of globalization also took a change of course. Globalization that was previously restricted to the developed economies of the world spread among the developing economies with the opening of the markets of these nations through liberalization. Thus, the economic relations among the nations underwent a huge change with the spread of globalization across the borders of the rich countries. With globalization, the trade pattern experienced considerable change. The developing economies of the world that previously exports raw materials to the developed world emerged as serious competitors of manufacturing products of the industrialized nations. Thus with the increasing trade relations the developing economies mainly India and China experienced continuous economic growth. With globalization and increased trade relations world production increased by about 30% which further increases international trade by almost 80%. This resulted in reducing the cost of production through specialization of products and thus helped in increasing the living standards of people. The increase in the trade of service sector implies that nations are becoming richer. With the advancement of technology and communication trade in services has been popularized in recent years. The developing countries that opened up market through policies like trade liberalization, deregulation of the capital markets and privatization of state owned industries experience huge capital inflows and stands as the emerging economies of t

Creation of a Resource Management Plan Assignment

Creation of a Resource Management Plan - Assignment Example The higher management in the company is very concerned as time to launch the product in the market is critical. As a project manager, my first task is to develop a project network diagram, determine the float on each activity, identify the critical path and finally develop a responsibility assignment matrix. In this project, project activities with duration and allocated resources have already been identified. Project network diagrams show the project activities and logical relationship between them called dependencies (PMBOK 2008). Complete project details for each activity or a summary level detail can be included in the project network diagram produced manually or using a software. There are two main methods for constructing a project network diagram, namely: Precedence Diagramming Method and Arrow Diagramming Method (Hutchings 2005). Arrow Diagramming Method, also referred as activity on arrow technique, uses arrows to represent activities while nodes are used to represent dependencies. ADM uses only finish to start relationship to depict the dependencies among project activities. It also makes use of dummy activities, indicated by dashed lines, to logically show the relationship and dependencies among project activities. In our project, for contraction of project network diagram, precedence diagramming method is used and finish to start relationship has been used to indicate the project activities as shown in next page. Critical Path Method is a technique used to analyse the project schedule. It theoretically calculates the project’s early start, early finish, late start and late finish dates for all project activities without consideration of any resource allocation and respective limitations (Mulcahy 2011). This technique starts with first activity of the project and ends with the last activity of the project as highlighted

The case Sons of Gwalia Ltd v Margaretic ( business law ) Research Paper

The case Sons of Gwalia Ltd v Margaretic ( business law ) - Research Paper Example First corporate legislation was created in 1862, since then corporate legislation has undergone and is undergoing through some dramatic, and other changes which are less dramatic but do bring effect over the corporate practices. Thus, social, legal and economic climate has since the first private corporation legislation, has been changed. Now, it has become different and Australian Securities and Investments Commission has recognized the requirement and need for the consumers’ confidence in the market, so that they could more informed and confident about the investment decision they would be undertaking. This change in ASIC commission behavior did not occurred by itself, the main cause and event behind this changing of character and care for the investors became when Australian Government started the active campaign for improving business opportunities and business investment in the country. Luka Margaretic, shareholder of â€Å"Sons of Gwalia Ltd† which is publicly lis ted company on Australian Stock Exchange, filed a legal process against the company demanding claims for damages caused by loss of the stock values of â€Å"Sons of Gwalia Ltd† gold mining company. ... This false claim of company gold reserves was making it problematic and challenging for the company to supply gold to their customers with whom they hard contractual agreement of the then fixed gold prices. Due to rise in gold prices and insufficient availability of gold stock in company reserves caused share price to drop substantially, thus providing reason to Luka Margaretic to file a lawsuit claiming damages. In order for capital markets to operate efficiently, market investors are required to possess accurate information and detail about the companies which are offering trade on the market. Therefore, Australian corporate laws have generated a surplus of corporate disclosure requirements which ensure that price-sensitive information, information which can have effect over the prices of the stock values of the company. These obligations include. Continuous Disclosure Transaction-specific disclosure obligation These rules are formulated by disclosure laws which are enforceable by a range of public and private preparations. However, this creation of private preparations to avoid the problems often can result the tension between prioritizing the parties involved. Though, the law has set off systems which favor, unsecured creditors over the members of the company, thus undermining the investment of the shareholder. Numerous decisions have been examined and the scope of the rules which are subordinated claims to become insolvency. The pinnacle of the development has been the sculptures misrepresentation which induced the purchase of the shares which had occurred in the secondary market; these were then forbidden and not allowed over the secondary market. Protections in Corporate Law for Creditors Corporate law provides numerous

Childhood disorders Essay Example for Free

Childhood disorders Essay CHILDHOOD DISORDERS While children can have similar mental health problems that adults have, like anxiety or depression, childrens problems often have a different focus. Children may have difficulty with changes associated with growing up, such as beginning school. They may lag behind in comparison to how other children their age are progressing, or during stressful times, they may behave like a younger child would do. Even when children do have problems that also appear in adults, the problem tends to look different in a child. For example, anxious children are often very concerned about their parents and other family members. They may want to be near loved ones at all times to be sure that everyone is all right. This site covers the following topics: Childhood Anxiety, Encopresis, Enuresis, and Oppositional Behavior. Childhood Anxiety Childhood anxiety occurs when a child is overly anxious, experiences separation anxiety, or avoids certain situations, people, or places. Usual signs of childhood anxiety include excessive distress when separated from home or from family members, worry about losing a loved one, worry about being lost or kidnapped, fear of going to school or away from home, difficulty sleeping away from home, and nightmares. Physical complaints such as stomachaches and headaches are common when the child is anticipating being separated from parents or other family members, such as spending the weekend with grandparents. These symptoms sometimes develop after an upsetting event in the childs life, such as the death of a loved one or a pet, beginning or changing schools, moving, or being ill. Some evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial for treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of childhood anxiety, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Anxiety Disorders of Association of America: Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents site has specific information about how anxiety disorders appear in children that  may be different from adult anxiety. Encopresis Encopresis is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in defecation (bowel movement) in clothing, in the bed, or on the floor. Encopresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 4 years old, although frequently children younger than 4 also cannot control their bowels. Encopresis more commonly affects boys than girls. Some evidence suggests that behavior modification is beneficial for treatment of encopresis. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of encopresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Childrens Medical Center at the University of Virginia (Kids Health) has an excellent website with more information about normal bowel habits and facts on encopresis. Enures:Enures is, commonly known as bedwetting, is repeated urination during the day or night into bed or clothes. Enuresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 5 years old, although younger children often do have difficulty controlling urination. Behavioral treatment is well-established as a beneficial treatment for enuresis. Behavioral treatment usually involves the use of a urine alarm device and parent education. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of enuresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. Click on the Fact Sheet on Bed-Wetting (PDF) for more facts on enuresis and some tips on helping your child with this problem. If you are interested in obtaining a urine alarm device, use your web browser to search forurine alarm device to find companies who sell these products on the internet. Oppositional Behavior Oppositional behavior includes things like losing ones temper, arguing with parents or teachers, refusing to follow rules, being mean or seeking revenge, deliberately annoying people, being angry and resentful, blaming others for ones own mistakes, and persistently being stubborn and unwilling to compromise. Usually oppositional behavior occurs at home, but it may also occur at school or in the community. Oppositional behavior is common in both preschool children and in adolescents. Parent Management Training is well-established as a beneficial treatment for oppositional behavior in  children. Parent Management Training involves helping parents learn new skills for dealing with oppositional and defiant behavior. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of oppositional behavior, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Not My Kid site has links with information on oppositional behavior, parent guides, anger control tips, and support groups. PAGBASA ang pagbasa ay isang proseso o paraan ng pagkuha ng ideya, informasyon o kahulugan sa mga simbulong nakalimbag. ito ay nkktulong rin sa ating kaalaman upang lumawak ang ating isipan. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Teorya ng pagbasa: teorya ng pagbasa a. Teoryang Bottom-Up- Ito ay isang traditional na pagbasa. Ito ay bunga ng teoryang behaviorist na higit na nagbibigay pokus sa kapaligiran sa paglinang ng komprehension sa ang mga uri ng pagsulat ay ang mga sumusunod: 1. akademik 2. teknikal 3. jornalistik 4. reperensyal 5. propesyonal 6. Malikhain Mga Layunin sa Pagsulat Ekspresiv Transaksyunal  © Isa itong impormal na paraan ng pagsulat.  © Gumagamit ito ng unang panauhan naako, ko, akin, at iba pa, sa pagsasalaysay.  © Sarili ng manunulat ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Naglalarawan ito ng personal na damdamin, saloobin, ideya at paniniwala.  © Nakapaloob din dito ang sariling karanasan ng manunulat at pala-palagay sa mga bagay-bagay na nangyayari sa paligid.  © Malya ang paraan ng pagsulat dito at walang sensura. Hindi gaanong mahalaga rito ang gramatika at pagbaybay ng ga salita bagkus mahalaga rito na mailabas kung ano ang talagang naiisip at nararamdaman ng isang tao.  © Halimbawa nito ay dyornal, talaarawan, personal na liham at pagtugan sa ilang isyu.  © Layunin nito na maipahayag ang sariling pananaw, kaisipan at damdamin sa pangyayari.  © Ito ay isang pormal na paraan ng pagsulat na may tiyak na target na mambabasa, tiyak na layunin at tiyak na paksa.  © Karaniwang ginagamit dito ang ikatlong panauhan na siya, sila, niya, nila, at iba pa sa paglalahad ng teksto  © Ibang tao ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Hindi ito masining o malikhaing pagsulat bagkus itoy naglalahad ng katotohanan na sumusuporta sa pangunahing ideya.  © Nagbibigay ito ng interpretasyon sa panitikan, nagsusuri, nagbibigay ng impormasyon, nanghihikayat, nangangatwiran, nagtuturo o kayay nagbibigay ng ensahe sa iba.  © Kontrolado ang paraan ng psagsulat dahil may pormat o istilo ng pagsulat na kailangang sundin.  © Halimbawa nito ay balita, artikulo, talambuhay, patalastas, liham sa pangangalakal, papel sa pananaliksik, ulat, rebyu, sanaysay na pampanitikan, sanaysay na naghihikayat, sanaysay na nangangatwiran, interbyu, editorial, dokumentaryo at iba pa.

Separates Science From All Other Human Activities Philosophy Essay

Separates Science From All Other Human Activities Philosophy Essay Science is distinguished for its changeable nature of conclusions. It addresses the method  used to reach conclusions; the ideas of verification, falsification, and the thought that science presents its theories with a degree of probability. The conclusions in science are conditional because currently they are considered to be true, but according to the nature of the science, they are subject to change. Science is defined as knowledge gained by systematic experimentation and analysis (Munday). What distinguishes the sciences from other areas is a very different method of finding truth. The definition of truth in this case is what works in practice or is useful to us because science is heavily based on the pragmatic theory (Munday). The question is perhaps misleading since it doesnt mention which type of science is implied; natural science, human science, or ethical science Science is a provisional human activity; this can be observed when comparing areas of knowledge in terms of pr ovisional conclusions. Science is a practice where truth is supported through experimentation and observations. It is a posteriori knowledge, meaning that it is knowledge that is derived from experience or empirical evidence. People state that science is based on too many assumptions, and the rules always change, therefore, we should employ other ways of knowing such as our perception. In my view, the main reason we should appreciate this way of knowing; the conclusions of science are changeable. These regular changes show that even though we might never find out the truth, we are progressing in subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry, etc. However, by expressing it as a pragmatic way of knowing, we can see that science is about discovering the truth. This truth may not be the perfect truth such as outlined by Plato with his idea of ideal forms. This truth is more concerned with value or usefulness. Within the history of science, scientific laws and theories have been changed or have been disproved. F or example, there was a cubical atom theory that stated that all atoms had a shape of a cube (Munday). This theory was disproved by many scientists such as Bohr and Rutherford (Munday). We now have a different prediction of what the atom is due to quantum mechanics (Munday). However, if you take account of Quantum Theory, then even the conclusions about the physical world become highly provisional reality is no longer deterministic and mechanistic, and some of our conclusions about this reality end up being provisional. Scientific knowledge is derived from the use of a precise, rigorous method that involves inductive logic. For example, if I observe that water always boils at 100 °C when I am cooking (Arnhart), I assume that this will always be the case (induction). However, if I were to boil water in Denver, Colorado, a location 1.6 km above sea level, I would discover that the water now boils at 94 °C, as the pressure on the liquid is reduced (Arnhart). As we can see, the ind uctive component of the scientific method can sometimes lead to an incorrect hypothesis. Even if a scientific theory has been rigorously tested one million times there is always the possibility that an exception will be found, and hence the theory falsified. Karl Popper acknowledged this problem and suggested that a hypothetical deductive method should be used, whereby false hypotheses are discarded through trials and disproof (Arnhart). This means we cannot prove a theory is correct; we can only prove that a hypothesis is false. Thus we can never know that a scientific theory is true; the reason why scientific conclusions are provisional. For instance, a scientist is trying to find a cure for cancer, but instead finds out how a persons brain works, he still expands our knowledge of all the things around us, even though that scientist was trying to find a different answer. This usefulness always reshapes our knowledge since it brings in new ideas and models that attempt to explain t he patterns that are all around us and where conclusions are made according to the current knowledge. Our knowledge is available to adapt by being provisional. With science, we accept our limitations of todays instruments, and we analyze the situation and what we can potentially do for further knowledge or experimentation. Science doesnt stop improving our customs of experimenting even though we know we cant reach the perfect truth (Plato) making it provisional even if it may seem to be currently true. Science is so relied upon for this reason that it advances our society. One of the main differences between the Natural and Human Sciences (ethics, history) is the object of study: while the Natural Sciences observe and experiment on the world of nature, the Human Sciences focus more on human behaviour. Humans are, arguably, less predictable and stable than the natural world, so the conclusions about our behaviour should be more provisional than the conclusions reached. Although science is the answer to many of our disputes, it is based mostly on theoretical predictions, and that creates a fallacy. For example, scientists in a university have made a device to clean and purify water for the people in South Africa and they have sent it to Africa (Arnhart). Once the device was in use, it killed 45% of the people in 3 weeks. A study relived that the filter used did stop Cysts (bacteria) from going through initially but these bacteria started to grow inside the filter clogging the filter. Nothing was noticed because the bacteria were so small, and the pressur e of the water squeezed the 4.5 micron bacteria into the 1 micron holes of the filter. In theory, filter was a valid device to use to clean the water but when in application is failed. These predictions are based on theoretical assumptions. Even though our limitations can be accurate even, this accuracy is not perfect; we try to achieve the best at finding a conclusion. Yet, the uncertainty of the conclusion can still prove it false, and so the science turns provisional. Math is a very different area of knowledge. The only difference today is that math is much more complex in applications of basic principles. The definition of math is the system of quantities, forms, space and their relationships in use of numbers and symbols.   The Egyptians came up with simple functions such as addition. These functions are still useful since we substitute symbols to represent difference concepts in reality. The symbols and applications might differ, but the expressions stay the same. The ancient Greeks used symbols rather than numbers; equations, they came up with were the same. One may deduce that math is not a provisional subject. In many ways, math is the foundation of other areas of knowledge such as analysis and measurement in sciences. In some cases, wed never find out more about certain topics. For instance, the string theory can only be proven with math because physically we cant comprehend eleven dimensions. Multiplication will not change over time comp ared to a scholar learning how his brain works- he will soon have to update his knowledge because what we know in the field of science always changes. Today, scientists try to link the missing puzzle pieces; however, once a scientist connects a puzzle to the whole picture, and it is perceived to be the correct placement, then more and more questions arise. Furthermore, in math, once something is proved, it is no longer contested. For example, today nobody should argue that two multiplied by five is not ten. Math, arguably, is a human construct; it is up to us to make up symbols that would represent the patterns that we encounter. The knowledge and conclusions of math arent that provisional but its application is. Like science, art has many changing conclusions. When a person looks at a picture, he invariably interprets it and evaluates it. However, when a different individual looks at the same picture, he might interpret it in a very different way. These interpretations can vary because of many aspects. Ones age, for example; there is a painting of a cow (Arnhart). An elder might think of it as a source of meat, while a boy might see a joy ride (Arnhart). Thus each person has concluded on a different interpretation and this uncertainly on which is the true conclusion makes the art as a area of knowledge provisional. Generally, conclusions in art are based on the frames of reference of the person that is evaluating the art piece with a personal experience or posteriori knowledge. Thus, art is provisional in nature because even one painting might have different conclusions based on it. By comparing math, sciences, and art one can see that the knowledge gained from the sciences change; however, it is not the only subject that is provisional, that is shown through subjects such as art and history. Even one art piece can have many conclusions associated with it. The statement what separates science from all other human activities is its belief in the provisional nature of all conclusions (Michael Shermer, www.edge.com) is only partly true since science is provisional; however, that doesnt separate it from all other human activities. Math is an example of a static subject whereas, science is a subject open to debates and updates. We might think that sciences are not important to us since what we know now as the truth always changes; however, we must understand that a person who is confident that he knows everything will never learn. Through science we accept that our knowledge is limited, and we strive to improve what we already have. Even though some scientific knowle dge is considered be truth, it is still provisional since science is focused on disproving predictions and not on gathering enough evidence to make the conclusion valid or sound. Without science, one may argue, we would never achieve the advancements that we are fortunate to have today. Word Count: 1652

An Analysis of the Third and Fourth Stanzas in Poes Poem The Raven :: Poe Raven Essays

An Analysis of the Third and Fourth Stanzas in Poe's Poem The Raven These two stanzas start at line 25 of the poem, they are the third and fourth stanzas. The persona has heard a knocking at his door, but no one was there. At this point in the poem, his fear and excitement are increasing as some voice keeps repeating the word "Lenore." It is not clear whether he actually hears some other voice speak the word, or if he just interprets the echo after he himself says it as belonging to someone else. Most likely they are his own words, but in his imagination he is engaging in a verbal exchange with another person. After this exchange, his soul is burning, and though the footnote in the book interprets this as meaning he is embarrassed about his false assumptions about where the knocking came from, I think it more likely means that his soul is burning in anticipation of something more, something greater that is about to happen to him than he initially thought. Again he hears a tapping, and this time he goes to the window instead of the do or. He is eager to find out what is out there, because the noise is so mysterious to him that he feels like he must investigate it. At the same time, though, he seems a bit reluctant because the last line of the second stanza says, 'Tis the wind and nothing more!" It seems as though he is hoping that it is only the wind, because he is afraid of what else it might be, but he already senses that it is not just the wind. The whole passage seems to be a preparation of what is to happen in the next stanza - in which the raven appears. His whole self is focused on that event in anticipation, which is reflected in his language. He first enters into a dreamy state, in which his emotions of fear, yet also hope, take over. This is revealed in the verbs, "wondering, fearing, doubting, dreaming." His mind is obviously in a very active state, as can be seen by the list of verbs. They are a mixture of positive and negative feelings.

English – Japanese Dictionary

www. GetPedia. com *More than 150,000 articles in the search database *Learn how almost everything works English? japanese (dictionnaire) English? japanese Dictionary editions eBooksFrance www. ebooksfrance. com English? japanese Dictionary 1 English? japanese (dictionnaire) Adapted from : http://www. freedict. com/dictionary/index. html English? japanese Dictionary 2 English? japanese (dictionnaire) English? japanese Dictionary 3 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a : ato A? bomb : genshibakudan A? ombed : hibaku A? D converter : e? di? konba? ta? A? grade : koushu A B : kouotsu a (helping) hand : ippi a (photo)copy : kopi? a basin : hachi a bath : hitofuro a battle : issen a beat : ichijun a belle : komachi a bent back : nekoze a big deal : taishita a big haul : ichimoudajin a billionth of a second : nanosekando a biography : ichidaiki a birthstone : tanjouseki a bit : chitto, ichibuichirin, ichigou, chito a bite : hitokuchi English? japanese Dictionary 4 English? japanese (dictionna ire) blast : hitofuki a block signal : burokkusain a blot : naore a blow : ichida, hitoawa, ichigeki, hitouchi a boat : ichii, ichiyou a body : ichidan a bond : issatsu a book : issho a bother : sewayaki a bout : ikkai, issen, ichiban a bout (in sports : torikumi, torikumi a bow (salute : ichirei a bowl : hachi a bowl (of rice) : ichizen a bowl of rice : ippan a boy : ichinan a brace : hitotsugai a brake : bure? ki a branch (of flowers) : ichida a breath : hitoiki a breather : ikitsugi English? japanese Dictionary 5 English? japanese (dictionnaire) breathing spell : ikitsugi a broadside : isseishageki a Buddha : hotokesama a bunch : hitomatome, ichiwa, hitokurume a bundle : issoku, hitokakae, hitokurume, ichiwa, hitotaba a burst of anger : hitoare a capella : akapera a careless person : occhokochoi a casting net : toami a catch : mizuage a cause : ichiin a cavity : utsuro a center : senta? a century : isseiki a certain : shikaru a certain book : ippon a certain†¦ : aru a chain : ichiren a change : idou a channel : channeru a character : ichijinbutsu, ichiji English? japanese Dictionary 6 English? japanese (dictionnaire) charge : ippatsu a charm : majinai a check : osae, chekku a child : isshi a child's dice game : sugoroku a cinch to do : asameshimae a clean sweep : issou a close : shuumatsu a clue : tancho a cluster : ichida a co? operative : kyoudoukumiai a comic story (telling) : rakugo a command : ichimei a commercial : koma? sharu a communist : kyousanshugisha a company : ittai a complainant : sonin a complete set : isshiki a compound : gouseibutsu a consent : ichidaku a cooperative : seikatsukyoudoukumiai English? japanese Dictionary 7 English? japanese (dictionnaire) copse : hitomura a copy (of a photo) : ichiyou a corner : ichiguu, hitosumi a corpus luteum : outai a council : sanjikai, hyougiin a council (abbr) : hyou a couple : hitotsugai, kappuru a crease : oreme a crease (i. e. in trousers) : orime a criminal : kyoujoumochi a cross : juumonji a crowd : hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a crown : hachi a cry : hitokoe a cup of : ippai a current (of water) : issui a curse : noroi a cylinder : kitou a daimyo's main Tokyo mansion : kamiyashiki a dance : hitosashi a day's journey : ichinichiji English? japanese Dictionary 8 English? apanese (dictionnaire) a day or two : ichiryoujitsu a degenerate : henshitsusha a degree : icchuu a denomination : isshuu a design : zuan a determined purpose : ichinen a difference : rakusa a dimple : ekubo a direct unforked road : ipponmichi a disadvantage (defect : isshitsu a disgrace : naore a dish (of food) : hitosara a district : ikku a diviner : urayasan a document : issatsu a dose : ippuku a draft : hitokuchi a draw (in competition) : hikiwake a draw curtain : hikimaku a dream : ichimu a drink : inryou, ippai English? japanese Dictionary 9 English? japanese (dictionnaire) drop : issui, shitatari, itteki a drop (of water) : hitoshizuku a drop in activity : tenuki a drudge : gariben a drying agent : kansouzai a fall in price : nesagari a family : ichizoku, ikka, ikke a family get? together : ikkadanran a favourite book : aidokusho a feast : isseki a feint : feinto a fellow : yakara a few : ikutsuka a few days ago : sakinohi, senjitsu a few lines : ippitsu, hitofude a few words : ichigenhanku, ichigonhanku a few years ago : sakizaki, sennen a filler (i. e. time : tsunagi a find : horidashimono, moukemono a finger : isshi a flash : issen English? apanese Dictionary 10 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a fleeting thing : ichimu a flock : ichigun, hitomure a flower : hitohana a flowerpot : hachi a focus : pinto a fold : oreme, orime a Formosan : taiwanjin a fort : ichirui a fragment : ikko a frame : fure? mu a gain : hitokasegi a gamble : kake a game : ichiban, issen, ikkai a gang : ittai, ichidan a general : isshou a generation : ichidai, issei, isse, issei a glance : ichimoku, ichibetsu, ichiran a glimpse : ikken a gold quarter ryoo : ichibukin a good citizen : maningen a good d eal : daibu English? apanese Dictionary 11 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a good time to quit : hikidoki a gouge : marunomi a grain : hitotsubu a grasp : hitotsukami a grind : gariben a group : hitokatamari, ichidan, ichigun, hitomure a guiding principle : ippon'yari a gunner : houshu a gust of wind : ichijin a guy who never gets the women : onnifujiyuu a habit (often a bad habit : kuse a hair : ippatsu a hair's breadth : ippatsu a half : ippan a half? ear : ikki a handful : hitotsukami A Happy New Year! : gashou a harvest : saku a head (of cattle) : ittou a head (of water) : rakusa a help : tedasuke, ichijo English? japanese Dictionary 12 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a herd : hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a hit : meichuu, ichigeki a hollow : utsuro a home : ikka, ikke a horse load : ichida a hot? empered person : ikkokumono a house : ikka, ikke, ikken a household : ichizoku, ikka, ikke, ikko a huge woman : ooonna a hundred : issoku, hitotaba a Japanese (an old word for) : wajin a Japanese rake : gendzume a job : hitokasegi a joint : tsunagime, hitofushi a kick : hitokeri, isshuu a kidnapper : yuukaihannin a kind : tagui, isshu a la carte : arakaruto a la mode : aramo? do a lap : isshuu a large serving : oomori English? japanese Dictionary 13 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a laugh : isshou a law : ritsuryou, okite a leaf : ichiyou a lean on one's ortgage : teitouken a letter : ichiji, karinotsukai, issho, karinofumi a level and inked string : junjou a life : ichimei a lifetime : issei, issei, isse, isshou, isshougai a light : akari a limb) : shibireru a line : ittou, ichigyou, hitosuki, issen, hitosuji a line (of mountains : tentei, tentetsu a lineage : ittou a link : tsunagime, ikkan a little : tashou, wazuka, usuusu, yaya, sukunai, nandaka a little (see chotto) : chokkura a little covetousness : shouyoku a little less than : tarazu a little more : imasukoshi a little short : sundzumari a little too short : suntarazu English? japanese Dictionary 14 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a load : ikka a log bridge : ipponbashi a long? jointed bamboo : madake a long march : chouku a look : manazashi, ichibetsu, ichiran, ikken, ichimoku a loop : ru? pu a lot : daibu, renchuu, ikkaku, zutto, takusan, hitokurume a lump : ichigan, hitokatamari a lunge : tsuki A major : ichouchou a man of some importance : ichijinbutsu a mannerism : mannerizumu a mark : megurushi a married man : saitaisha a match : torikumi, torikumi a matter : ikken, ichijou a meal : ippan a meaning : ichigi a measure : shaku a meddlesome person : sewayaki a meditative pose : omoiire English? apanese Dictionary 15 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a meeting : yoriai a member : ichiin a merit : ittoku a method : itte a miniature : hinagata A minor : itanchou a minute : ikkoku, ippun a moan : umeki a model : gihyou a moment : issetsuna, ikkoku, isshun, isshunkan, sunbyou a moment ago : imagata a moment before : imahodo a monologue : hitorigoto a month or older : tsukiokure a mood : ippin'isshou a motion : dougi, mo? shon a mountain : issan, hitoyama a move (in game) : itte a mummy : miira a murder : koroshi, tasatsu a must? see : hikken English? japanese Dictionary 16 English? japanese (dictionnaire) must to buy : kawandearu a nap : hitoneiri, hitonemuri, issui a narrow strait : ichiitaisui a narwhal : ikkaku a negative : inga a new era : ichishinkingen a new method : ichikijiku a new month starts : tsukigawari a nook : hitosumi a novel : ninjoubon a number of days : hikazu, nissuu a one? act play : hitomakumono a one? knife carving : ittoubori a one? plate meal : ichijuuissai a one? stroke sketch : hitofudegaki a one? track mind : ippongi a one man show : hitorishibai a page : ichiyou a pair : hitotsugai a pair (footwear) : issoku a pair (of chopsticks) : ichizen English? japanese Dictionary 17 English? japanese (dictionnaire) pair (of screens) : issou a palanquin set with jewels : tamanokoshi a pardon : onsha a part : ippan, ittan, ichibubun, ichiyoku a part to play : hitoyaku a particular : shikaru a partnership : kyoudoukumiai a party : ittou, ittai, konpa, ichidan, ippa a party (of people) : yakara a pass : tsuki a passage in a discourse : hitokusari a passing acquaintance : ichimenshiki a patient : kanja a pause : hitoiki, ichidanraku, hitokiri a penny store : ichimon'akinai a period : hitokiri a period (in astronomy) : isshuuki a permit : kyokasho a person : ichiin a person given as a reference : sankounin a person made homeless by fire : ichiyakojiki English? japanese Dictionary 18 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a person who decides : kimete a personal view : ikkagen a phrase (verse : ikku a piece : ikko, ikko, ippen a piece of rope : hitosujinawa a pile : hitomori a pile (of something) : issan a pinch : pinchi a pinch (of something) : hitotsumami a pity : kinodoku, okinodoku a plain : kouya a plan : issaku, ichian, ikkei, mokuromi a plate : hitosara a plot : ichimotsu a poem : isshu a point : icchuu a poke : ichigeki a pool : mizutamari a posteriori : koutenteki, aposuteriori a pot : hachi a power (math) : bekijou, beki English? japanese Dictionary 19 English? japanese (dictionnaire) prim person : sumashiya a principle : ichiri, ichigi a priori : sententeki, apuriori a private individual : ichishijin, isshijin a private opinion : ikkagen a private person : ichikojin a program : mokuromi a project : mokuromi a puddle : mizutamari a puff : ippuku a purchase : kaitori a pursuer : otte a pursuing party : otte a quality : bingoomote a quarter : ikki, ippou a quick lunch : ichizenmeshiya a quick temper : seikyuu a quick wit : kiten a quiet (natural) setting : yuushu a quire (of paper) : ichijou a quotation : in'youbun, ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 20 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a ray (of hope) : ichidou a reactionary : handouka a ream (of paper) : ichiren a reason : ichigi, ichiri a region : ittai a rejection : isshuu, hitokeri a replacement : kawari a rest : hitoyasumi a retaken photograph : torinaoshi a retort : isshi a revolution : isshuu a riot : ikki a roar : ikkatsu a round : ichijun, ippatsu, hitomeguri, ikkai, hitomawari a row : ichiretsu, ichigyou a rowdy : akutare a rule : shaku a run : hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a run? batted? in hit (baseball) : taimuri? itto a sale (transaction) : kaitori a salver : ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 21 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a scale : shaku a scene : hitokoma a scene of carnage (bloodshed) : shuurajou a scheme : mokuromi a school : ippa a scoop : tokudane a screen : tsuitate a scroll : ippuku a seal affixed to a document : shouin a sealed document : ippuu a sealed letter : ippuu a second : sekando a secret : naishougoto a sect : ippa, isshuu a semimonthly : hangekkan a senior : jouchou, nenchousha a sense of humor : yu? moanokankaku a sentence : ichibun a series : ichiren a serious affair : ichidaiji a set : hitosoroe, hitosoroi English? japanese Dictionary 22 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a set (of people) : yakara a set of boxes : hitokasane a sexual orgy (X) : rankoupa? ti? a sharp (music) : ei a shed : uwaya a shock : hitoawa a shop : ten, shoppu a short period : icchou a short sleep : hitonemuri, issui a short story : issekiwa a short time : ichinichihenji, chotto a shout : hitokoe a sigh : tameiki a silver quarter ryoo : ichibugin a simple meal : ichijuuissai a single? family lineage : ikkei a single crop : ichimousaku a single letter : itteiji a single person : hitorimono a single seater : ichininnori a single standard : ippondate English? japanese Dictionary 23 English? japanese (dictionnaire) single stroke : ittou a single word : hitokoto, ichigen a sip : hitokuchi a sitting : isseki a slap in the face : binta a sleep : hitonemuri a slice : ippen, hitokire a slight : naigashiro a slight effort : ikkyoshuittousoku a slump : nakadarumi a slut : darashinai a small sum : isshihansen a smattering : namakajiri, katakoto a smile : iss hou a smile or a frown : ippin'isshou a smoke : ippuku a social : konpa a soliloquy : hitorigoto a solitary cryptomeria tree : ipponsugi a solo : dokusou a span : ichiyubiatari English? japanese Dictionary 24 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a species : isshu a specific medicine : tokkouyaku a speech : isseki a spin : hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a spot (glimpse : ippan a spy : kanchou, kanja a squad : ittai a squall : hitoare a stab : sashikizu, tsuki a stammer : domori a stamp : inshi a statute : ritsuryou a step : hitoashi, ho, ippo, hitokiri a step forward : ippozenshin a stop : kugiri a stopgap measure : tsunagi a straight road : hitosujimichi a streak : ichijou a stride : ho a string : isshi a stroke : ichida, hitouchi English? japanese Dictionary 25 English? japanese (dictionnaire) stroke of the pen : hitofude a stuffed animal : hakusei a stutter : domori a suit : hitokasane, hitosoroe, hitosoroi a suitor : sonin a sum of money : nari a summary : ichiran a sword (blade) : ittou a talk : danwa a task : hitoshigoto a tea cloth : chakin a term : ikki a thing : ichimotsu, ichibutsu a thought : ikkou a thread (of connection) : ichimyaku a thrust : tsuki a time : ikkai, ichiji a tinge : ichimi a tool : kenzan a top : koma a topknot (hair style) : chonmage English? japanese Dictionary 26 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a touch : ichimi a touch of : ichimatsu a tray : ichijou a trifle : ichigou a trivial matter (id) : asameshimae a troupe : ichiza, ichidan a trust : kigyougoudou a tune : hitofushi a tune (melody : ikkyoku a turn : hitomawari, itten, hitomeguri a turn (i. e. at bat) : kawari a turning point : ichitenki, ittenki a twin : futago a variety : isshu a vein : ichimyaku a verse (e. g. n the Bible) : issetsu a very little bit : choppiri a very shy person : hanikamiya, tereya a virtue : ittoku a voice : hitokoe a vote : ippyou English? japanese Dictionary 27 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a wake : tsuya a ward : ikku a waste basket : kuzukago a wastepape r basket : kuzukago a watch stand : bandai a watcher's seat : bandai a way : itto a weak point (to aim at) : tsukeme a wee bit : choppiri a week : isshuu a weight : osae a wheel : ichirin a while : chotto a whirl of hair on the head : tsumuji a whole day and night : icchuuya a word : ichigon, ichigonhanku, hitokoto, ichigenhanku a word (opinion : ichigi a word of great value : ichijisenkin a word or two : hitokotofutakoto a work : saku a written statement : koujougaki English? apanese Dictionary 28 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a year or two : ichiryounen a zone : ittai A. D. : kigen A. M. : gozen AA size (battery) : tansangata Aah! : yare aardvark (Orycteropus) : tsuchibuta abacus : soroban abalone : awabi abandon : haiki, mikiri abandoned (stray) cat : suteneko abandoned child : kiji, sutego, sutego abandoned mine : haikou abandoning : kikyaku abandoning (hope : dannen abandonment : kien, jibou, jiki, iki, houki, iki abandonment (rights : ifu abasement : shittsui abatement : ge ngaku, genka, keigen, shikkou abatis : sakamogi abattoir : tosatsujou, chikusatsuba English? japanese Dictionary 29 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bbe : shinpu abbey : daishuudouin, shuudouin abbot : daishuudouinchou, shuudouinchou, shuuinchou abbr : rassharu abbreviated form : tanshukukei abbreviation : ryakuji, shouhitsu, ryakushou, ryakugo, ryaku ABC : kouotsuhei ABC's of.. : shoho abcess : dekimono abdication : taii abdomen : shitabara, fukubu, shitappara, shitahara, kafuku abdominal? support belt : chikaraobi abdominal chills : hiebara abdominal swelling : shimobukure abducted : sarawareta abduction : kouin, yuukai, rachisuru, yuukaihan Abelian group (math) : kakangun ABEND (ABnormal END) : ijoushuuryou aberration : shuusa abet : sendou abetting : sendou English? japanese Dictionary 30 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bhor : daikirai ability : udemae, shuwan, giryou, ginou, seinou, saiwan ability to wake up : neoki Abilympics : abirinpikku abject : hikutsu abjuration : sensei ablation : setsujo ablation shield (rocket) : yuujo ablative (gram) : dakkaku ablative shield (rocket) : youhatsu able : yuui able? bodied (an) : ganken able man : hatarakide, dekimono, dekibutsu able men left out of office : iken able official : nouri able person : hatarakite ABM : dandoudangeigekimisairu abnegation : kin'yoku abnormal : hentaiteki, namihazure, abuno? maru abnormal (an) : byouteki abnormal mentality : hentaishinri English? japanese Dictionary 31 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bnormal psychology : hentaishinrigaku abnormal sexuality : hentaiseiyoku abnormal underarm odor : wakiga abnormality : kikei, hentai, ijou, hentai, ijou aboard a warship : kanjou abode of demons : fukumaden abolish : daha abolition : haishi abolition and amalgamation : haigou abolitionist : zenpaironsha abominable : imawashii, nikui abominable snowman : yukiotoko, yajin aboriginal : banjin, genjuumin aboriginal (a? no) : dochaku aborigine : aborijini? aborigines : genmin, dojin, senjuuminzo ku aborigines village : bansha abort : abo? to aborticide : datai abortion : jinkouryuuzan, chuuzetsu, datai, ryuuzan abortionist : dataii English? japanese Dictionary 32 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bortive (attempt : fuseikou abortive birth : ryuuzan abortive scheme : torou about : sokosoko, yaku, ooyoso, tsuite, abauto, oyoso, kei about? face : mawaremigi, ippen about (suf : goro about 10 p. m. : itsuya, otsuya about an hour : hantoki about medium : chuukurai, chuugurai about noon : hirugoro about the middle : nakagoro about the middle (of an era) : chuuyou about this time : imajibun, imagoro about to start out : degake about what time : itsujibun about when : itsugoro above : ue, zenki, chokujou above? mentioned : zenjutsu, zenki above? named (a? no) : zenkei above all : kotoni, nakandzuku, wakete, toriwake above average : shunbatsu English? japanese Dictionary 33 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bove ground : chijou above mentioned : joujutsu above mentioned (a? no) : jouki above the average : namihazure above the ceiling : tenjouura above the clouds : unjou Abraham : aburahamu abrasion : mamou, mametsu, surikizu, sakkashou abreast : heiretsu, heikou abridged translation : shouyaku abridgment : shouryaku abroad : zaigai, kaigai abrupt : niwaka, fui abrupt (an) : sotsuji, toutotsu abrupt (awkward) question : tsukanukoto abruptly : totsuzen, gazen, ikinari, hyouzen abscess : nouyou abscissa : yokojiku, ouzahyou, ousen abscondence : shissou, shisseki, shuppon, chikuden absconder : shupponsha absconding with money : kaitai English? japanese Dictionary 34 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bseilen (G) : apuzairen absence : rusu, fuzai, kesseki, fusan absence (from work) : kekkin absence from home : tagyou absence from school : kekka absent? minded : bon'yari absent? minded person : awatemono absent? mindedly : bouzen absent? mindedness : soushin, uwanosora absentee landlord : fuzaijinushi absentee voting : fuzaitouhyou absentmindedness : houshin absinthe : a busan absolute (an) : zettai absolute reality : shinnyo absolute safety : juuzen absolute secrecy : gokuhi absolute value : zettaichi absolute zero (temp. ) : reido absolutely : danjite, makotoni, danzen, tadatada absolutely every little bit : katappashikara English? japanese Dictionary 35 English? japanese (dictionnaire) absolutely not : tonda absoluteness : zettai absolutism : abusorixyu? tizumu absolutism (phil. : zettairon absorbent cotton : dasshimen absorption : sanmai, douka, sesshu, kyuuin, senshin, kyuushuu absorption (in something) : kyuukyuu abstain from voting : kiken abstention : fukanshou, fusanka abstinence : imi, kinshu, setsuyoku, kin'yoku abstinence syndrome : kindanshoujou abstract : chuushouteki, chuushutsu, mukei abstract (an) : chuushou abstract (of a paper) : abusutorakuto abstract art : chuushoubijutsu abstract number : fumeisuu abstraction : shashou, abusutorakushon abstruseness : inbi absurd : bakabakashii, okogamashii, mucha, tawainai, meppou absurd fear : kiyuu absurdity : okonosata, koutoumukei, fujouri, fudouri English? japanese Dictionary 36 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bsurdly : muyamini abundance : juuitsu, gyousan abundance (an) : yokei, houfu abundant : fundan abundant (an) : yutaka abundant harvest : housaku, houjuku abundantly : obitadashii abuse : goyou, reiba, ran'you, batou, hibou, akuhei, akkou abusive : kuchisaganai, kuchigitanai abusive language : bougen, nikumareguchi, dokuzetsu, akutai abusive remarks : bouhyou, mouhyou abutment : kadai abyss : shin'en, fuchi acacia : akashia academia : akademi? academic : akademikku academic background : gakureki academic centre : gakufu academic gossip : kijounokuuron academic meeting : gakkai academic or scientific world : gakkai English? japanese Dictionary 37 English? japanese (dictionnaire) academician : akademishan academicism : akademishizumu academism : akademizumu academy : akademi? , kanrin'in, gakuin, gakuen Acala : fudoumyouou Acalanatha Vidya? aja : fudoumyouou acc elerando : achererando accelerant : sokushinzai accelerated motion : kasokuundou acceleration : sokushin, koushin, ruika, kasoku, kasokudo accelerator : akuserere? ta? accelerator (abbr) : akuseru accent : gochou, kyouon, akusento, yokuyou accent (of one's speech) : namari accept : akuseputo acceptance : shouin, shinnin, ukeire, judaku, juri, shouchi acceptance (of truths) : shinju accepting a challenge : ousen accepting bribes : shuuwai accepting orders : juchuu access : akusesu English? japanese Dictionary 38 English? japanese (dictionnaire) access time : akusesutaimu access to courts : shusso accessing : akusesshingu accession : shoukei, keishou accessoiriste : akusesowarisuto accessories : buhin, komono accessory : tsukimono, tsukatari, futai, akusesari? fuzokuhin accessory case : komonoire accessory offense : futaihan accident : henji, jiko, saika, yakusai, kashitsu, saiyaku accident insurance : shougaihoken accidental : fuki, guuhatsu, furyo, fusoku, guuhatsuteki accidental de ath : henshi accidental fire : shikka accidental gun discharge : bouhatsu accidental resemblance : sorani, taninnosorani accidentally : hyotto, tamatama, futo accidents in line of duty : koumusaigai acclamation : kassai, kanko acclimate : junka accommodation : shuuyounouryoku, bengi, wakai, yuudzuu, tekiou English? japanese Dictionary 39 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accommodations : shuuyousetsubi accommodator : akomode? ta? ccomodation : shuuyou accompaniment : bansoubu, tsukimono, ainote, hayashi, aikata accompaniment (musical) : bansou accompany : douhan accompanying : tomo, doukou, gubu, doudou accomplice : katansha, dourui, kyouhansha, kyoubousha, ai, guru accomplices : ichirui accomplish : mattou accomplished : bakuga accomplished lady : keishuu accomplished villain : kyouyuu accomplishment : kantetsu, kansui, suikou accomplishments : gigei, geinou, gigei accord : ako? do, kyoushin according to : yoreba, yoruto according to circumstances : rinkiouhen accordingly : yotte, s okode accordion : ako? dion, tefuukin accordion door : ako? diondoa English? japanese Dictionary 40 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accordion pleats : ako? dionpuri? tsu account : kaikei, kiji, tsukedashi, akaunto account (e. g. bank) : kouza account book : choumen, choubo, daichou account of a (sports) game : kansenki accountability : akauntabiriti? ccountancy : kaikeigaku accountant : shukei, kanjougakari, kaikeikan, kaikei accountant (certified public) : kaikeishi accounting : keiri, akauntingu accounts payable : kaikakekin accounts receivable : urikakekin, mishuunyuukin accounts) : kuchisuu, kuchikazu accoutrements : busougu accrued : mishuu accrued expenses : miharaihiyou accumulate : chikuseki accumulation : shuuseki, chikuseki, shuushuu, ruiseki accumulator : akyu? mure? ta, akyumure? ta? , akyumure? ta accuracy : seido accurate : kuwashii, tekikaku, chimitsu English? japanese Dictionary 41 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accurate (an) : seikaku accurately : seiseito, seise i, kichinto accursed (a? o) : bachiatari accusation : kokuso, kouso, dangai accusative case (gram) : taikaku accused : hikokunin accuser : genkoku ace : e? su ace (tennis) : sa? bisue? su acetate : asete? to acetic acid : sakusan acetone : aseton acetylcholine : asechirukorin acetylene : asechiren ache : itami, itami achievement : kougyou, jiseki, tegara, gyouseki, tassei achievement test : achi? bumentotesuto, achi? bu achievements : jisseki, kouseki achiever of Nirvana : rakan Achilles tendon : akiresuken achoo! : hakushon English? japanese Dictionary 42 English? japanese (dictionnaire) achromatic : mushoku achromatic lens : akuromachikkurenzu achromatism : irokeshi acid : sui, suppai, san acid poisoning : sanchuudoku acidity : sando, sansei, sanmi acidosis : ashido? hisu acknowledge : shinnin, juryou acknowledge (ACK) : kouteioutou acknowledgement : shounin, ninchi, ryoushou, ryouto, kokuhaku acknowledgment : reijou, nintei acknowledgment (self? ) : jinin acme : kiwami acne : fuk idemono, nikibi acolyte : jisou, jisai acorn : donguri acoustic : ako? sutikku, aku? sutikku acoustic guitar : ako? sutikkugita? acoustic sound : ako? sutikkusaundo acoustic(s) : onkyou acquaintance : kaonajimi, chikadzu, gozonji, shiriai, soushiki English? japanese Dictionary 43 English? japanese (dictionnaire) acquiesce : mokujuu acquiescence : shoudaku acquisition : kakutoku, shutoku, shuutoku acquittal : shakuhou, menzai, houmen, menso acre : e? ka? creage : tanbetsu acrimonious : shinratsu acrobat : akurobatto, kyokugeishi acrobatic : akurobachikku acrobatic feats : kyokugi acrobatics : kyokugei, karuwaza acronym : ryakugo acrophobia : koushokyoufushou acropolis : akuroporisu acrylic : akuriru acrylic acid : akurirusan acrylonitrile : akurironitoriru act : koui, shiwaza, waza, okonai, shoi, okonai, sakui act (in play) : tobari Act (law: the X Act) : hou act for another : daiben English? japanese Dictionary 44 English? japanese (dictionnaire) act of barbarity : bankou act of God : fukakouryoku act of grace : onten act of mercy : hitodasuke act of violence : boukou act on mutual agreement : shouchidzuku Act properly! : iikagennishinasai acting : shigusa, engi acting as agent : daikou acting as go? etween : kuchiire acting blindly : moudou, boudou acting chairman : karigichou acting consul : dairiryouji acting director : jimutoriatsukai acting impolitely : shikkei acting in concert : koou acting official : dainin acting president : karigichou acting smart : kuchihabattai actinic rays : kagakusen Actinidia polygama : matatabi English? japanese Dictionary 45 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actinium (Ac) : akuchiniumu action : shigusa, akushon, dousa, okonai, okonai, shiuchi action bar : akushonba? action before words : fugenjikkou action committee : jikkouiin action drama : akushondorama action integral (physics) : sayousekibun action picture : katsugeki action program : akushonpuroguramu action star : akushonsuta? action) (a? o) : fuseikou actions : fugyou a ctivated charcoal : kasseitan activation : akutibe? shon active : noudouteki, kappatsu, akutibu, noudou, kassei active (an) : akutivu active defense : akuchibudifensu active duty : gen'eki active homing : akutibuho? mingu active immunity : noudoumen'eki active member : seiin English? japanese Dictionary 46 English? japanese (dictionnaire) active service : gen'eki active solar house : akutibuso? ra? hausu active sportswear : akutibusupo? tsuuea active voice : noudoutai active volcano : kakkazan activist : katsudousha, undouka activity : akutibiti, kakkyou, honsou, binsoku, hiyaku, ugoki actor : shu, yuu, dan'yuu, rei, haiyuu, akuta? hai, shou actor in a love scene : nimaime actress : haiyuu, joyuu, yakusha, akutoresu Acts of the Apostles : shitogyouden actual : akuchuaru actual circumstances : jitsujou actual condition : jissai actual demand : jitsuju actual expense : jippi actual measurements : jissoku actual place : genchi actual proof : jisshou actual results : jisseki actual size : gensun, gensundai English? japanese Dictionary 47 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actual spot : genba actual time : akuchuarutaimu actual work : shuurou, kadou actual work hours : jitsudoujikan actuality : akuchuariti? actually : genni, shinni acupuncture : hari, shinji, shinjutsu acupuncture and moxibustion : shinkyuu acute : sen'ei, setsu, setsujitsu, tsuusetsu acute (e. g. illness) : kyuusei acute angle : eikaku acutely : hishihishi acuteness : seppaku ad : ado ad? balloon : adobaru? n ad? hocracy : adohokurashi? ad campaign : adokyanpe? AD converter : anarogudejitaruhenkanki ad hoc : adohokku ad impact : adoinpakuto ad lib : adoribu English? japanese Dictionary 48 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ad man : adoman adagio : ada? jo Adam : adamu adamantine : kongou adaptability : yuudzuu, entenkatsudatsu, hentsuu adaptable : tekigou adaptation : sokuou, douka, junnou, tekiou, engi adaptation (of story : hon'an adaptation (of story) : kaisaku adapter : adaputa? , adaputa adaptive : adaputivu add : kasan add? on : adoon add? on module : adoonmoju? ru add? on telephone : adoondenwa add (something) : tsukekuwae add to : fukai add up : sekisan add water : kasui adder (spoken) : tashizanki adder (written) : kasanki English? japanese Dictionary 49 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ddiction : jouyouheki adding : konnyuu adding extra ingredients (med) : kayaku adding more tea : kuchija adding to one's years : karei adding to the top : uwamori adding up : yosezan, gassan adding years : kanen addition : kazou, kuwaezan, kasan, tsukatari, yosezan, ka addition agent : tenkazai addition and subtraction : kagen addition to a building : zouchiku additional fees : tsuikaryoukin additional gain : yoroku additional income : fukushuunyuu additional post : kenkin, kenkan, kenmu additional printing : juuhan, zousatsu additional profits : yotoku additional ration : kahai additional rules : fusoku additional tax : fukazei English? japanese Dictionary 50 English? japanese (dictionn aire) dditional volume : bessatsu additionally : jizengo additive : tenkabutsu address : uwagaki, atena, ikisaki, juukyo, atesaki, kouen address (e. g. of house) : juusho address (on letter) : katagaki address (present) : genjuusho address book : juushoroku address to students : kunji addressed to (suf) : ate addressing : adoresshingu adductor muscle : kaibashira Adelaide : adere? do adenoid : adenoido, sen'you adenoids : hanatake, bijou Adenovirus : adenouirusu adept : sasuga adequacy : tekitou, gaisetsu adequate : tekisetsu adherence : koshuu, koshitsu adherence (to custom : bokushu English? japanese Dictionary 51 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dherence to : koudei adherence to the shogunate : sabaku adherent : teishi, shinto, aryuu, kyouto, shinja, shinpousha adhesion : gyouchakuryoku, shuujaku, yuchaku, kouchaku adhesive : secchakuzai adhesive mechanical tint : sukuri? nto? n adhesive plaster : bansoukou adhesive power : nenchakuryoku adiabatic (an) : dannetsuteki Adidas (bran d name) : adidasu adjacent : kinsetsu, rinsetsu adjacent seas : kinkai adjacent units : rinsetsubutai adjectival noun : keiyoudoushi adjoin : rinsetsu, kinsetsu adjournment : teikai, kyuukai, sankai, enki adjudication : handan adjunct) words : fuzokugo adjust : ajasuto adjustment : denaoshi, chousei, seibi, shuusei, anbai, seigou adjutant : fukukan, fukkan English? japanese Dictionary 52 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmeasure : sairyou admin : adomin administer : atsu administration : keisei, kirimori, un'ei, seifu, shisei, keiei Administration : gyouseifu administration : gyousei administration bureau : kanrikyoku administration of justice : shihou, shouri administrative official : jimukan, gyouseikan administrative reform : gyouseikaikaku administrative reform (abbr) : gyoukaku admirable : yukashii, appare admirable (an) : shushou admiral : shoukan, daishou, taishou, teitoku admiral (fleet) : gensui admiration : kantan, kantan, suuhai, eitan, keitou, sanka admiration devotion : shinpuku admiration (arch. : kanpuku admiration (vs : kanshin admiration of the powerful : jidaishisou admire : miageru English? japanese Dictionary 53 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmirer : hikute, aidokusha admission : hennyuu, jinin, nyuusho, kanyuu, nyuukai, nyuujou admission? paid : yuuryou admission fee : bouchouryou, kanyuukin, nyuujouryou, nyuukaikin admission free : bouchoumuryou, bouchouzuii Admission Free : adomisshonfuri? admission gate : nyuujoumon admission tax : nyuujouzei admission ticket : bouchouken admission to the courtroom : nyuutei admittance : adomitansu admitting : shouchi admitting defeat : icchuuwoyusuru admixture : kyouzatsubutsu admonishment : kyoukai admonition : keikai, sekkan, kaikoku, kunkai ado : honeori adobe : ado? bi, tenjitsugawara adolescent : seishun Adonis : adonisu adopt : saiyou English? japanese Dictionary 54 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dopted child : youshi adopted daughter : youjo adopted parents : karioya adopted son? in? law : musumemuko adoption : shuuyou, sesshu, saitaku, youshiengumi adoption (e. g. motion : kaketsu adoption or rejection : saihi adoptive father : youfu adoptive mother : youbo adoration : aibo, reihai, suuhai, raihai, sanbi, shinsui adoring : shishuku ADP : jidoude? tashori adrenal glands : fukujin adrenalin : adorenarin adroit : josainai adsorb : kyuuchaku adsorption : kyuuchaku adulation : neiben, bennei adult : ichininmae, teinensha, seijin, otona, adaruto Adult's Day (Jan 15) : seijinnohi adult? like : otonappoi English? japanese Dictionary 55 English? japanese (dictionnaire) adult age : seinen adult education : adarutoedyuke? hon adult shop : adarutoshoppu adulteration : konnyuu, mazemono, fujun adulterer : maotoko, uwakimono, kanpu adulteress : kanpu adultery : fugi, maotoko, furin, mittsuu, kongaiseikou adulthood : teinen advance : joutatsu, shinkou, joutou, shinshutsu, shingeki advance retreat : isshin'ittai advance (abbr) : bansu advance (in pay) : maegari advance base : zenshi nkichi advance delivery : maewatashi advance for manuscript : kouryou advance guard : zen'ei, senjin, senpou advance income : agari advance notice : yokoku advance or retreat : shintai advance party : senpatsu, senpatsutai advance payment : maekin, yonou, maewatashi, sakigane, zennou English? japanese Dictionary 56 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dvance payments : maewatashikin advance sale : sakiuri, maeuri advance troops : senkenbutai, zenshinbutai advance(d) : adobansu advanced : koudo, koushou, adobansudo advanced (developed) country : senshinkoku advanced (old) age : kourei advanced age : rourei advanced level : joukyuu advanced maturity : koudoseichou advanced nations : senshinkoku advancement : shoukyuu, eitatsu, eishin, koujou advancing and retreating : shusshoshintai advancing part of a salary : uchigashi advancing to the first grade : nyuumaku advancing together : heishin advantage : myouri, adobante? ji, eki, yaku, riten, ri, bengi advantage disadvantage : sontoku advant age and disadvantage : son'eki advantage rule : adobante? jiru? ru advantageous : yuuri English? japanese Dictionary 57 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advantageous (an) : yuuri advantages and disadvantages : rigai, ichiriichigai advent : rairin, kourin Adventists : sairinha adventure : adobencha? , bouken, abanchu? u adventure story : boukenshousetsu adventurer : boukensha, yamashi adverb : fukushi adversary : hantaisha adverse : gyakkou adverse stock? market factors : akuzairyou adverse tide : gyakuryuu adverse wind : gyakufuu adversity : gyakkyou, shitsui advertisement : ado, adobataizumento, koukoku advertisement for a wife : kyuusaikoukoku advertising : adobataijingu advertising agency : koukokusha advertising sign : koukokutou advertising sponsor : koukokunushi advice : jogon, susume, jogen, kankoku, chuukoku, keikoku English? japanese Dictionary 58 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advisability : kahi advise : kan adviser : kankokusha, adobaiza? , jogensha, komon, jogonsha ad visor : adovaiza? dvisory organ : shimonkikan advocacy : teishou, daigen, bengo, kosui, shoudou, shushou advocacy of war : shusen advocate : daigensha, ronsha, shuchousha, teishousha, hyoubou Adzuki bean mochi : botamochi aerial : kakuu aerial tram : ro? puuei aerial wiring : kasen aerobic dancing : earobikkudanshingu aerobicise : earobisaizu aerobics : earobikusu aerodynamics : earodainamikkusu Aeroflot : aerofuro? to aerogram : e? roguramu, eroguramu, earoguramu aerogramme : koukuushokan aeroplane : hikouki aerosol : earozoru, eazo? ru English? japanese Dictionary 59 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aesthetic : esutetikku aesthetic appreciation : shinbi aesthetic aversion : itekiken'o aesthetic sense : shinbigan aesthetic sentiment : gakai aestheticism : shinbishugi aestivation : nemui affable : hitonatsukkoi, aisonoii, hitonatsukoi, onga affair : kyoku, gi, afea, sata, shiromono, kotogara, jiken affairs : jibutsu, gyoumu affairs after ones death : kouji affairs of state : kokumu affect : sawaru affectation : kidori, tsukeyakiba, genki, kazarike, shouki affectation (an) : kiza affected : fushizen affected look : tsukurigao affected part : kanbu affected region : kyokubu affected smile : esewarai affection : onjou, aijou, aijaku, jiai, seikou, jouai English? japanese Dictionary 60 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ffectionate : yasashii, yasa affectionate elder brother : jikei affectionate father : jifu, jibo affectionate woman : yasaon'a affections : ren'ai affidavit : koukyousho, koujutsusho, kyoujutsusho, kuchigaki affiliate : boukei, kanyuusha affiliated : doukei, fuzoku affiliated companies : shimaigaisha affiliated company : kankeigaisha affiliated concern : douzokukaisha affiliated with : sanka affiliation : kamei affinity : yuen, shinwasei, enko, inseki, aishou, shinkinkan affirmation : koutei, kakunin, dangen affirmative : kouteiteki affix : fu affixing a seal : kahan affixing one's seal : ouin afflatus : reikan affliction : kannan, nangi, kunou, risa i English? japanese Dictionary 61 English? japanese (dictionnaire) affluence : yuufuku, yutori afflux : ryuunyuu afforestation : shokurin affray : ranzatsu affricative sound (ling) : hasatsuon Afghanistan : afuganisutan aflatoxin : afuratokishin afore? mentioned : zenjutsu aforesaid (a? no) : zenki aforethought : yobou Africa : afurika African daisy : ga? bera Afrikaans : afurika? nsu Afrikaner : afuka? na Afro : afuro Afro? Cuban rhythm : afurokyu? banrizumu Afro? hair : afurohea after : sugi, afuta? after? : jigo after? dinner speech : takujou after? effect : kouishou, yoha English? japanese Dictionary 62 English? japanese (dictionnaire) after? recording : afuta? reko? dingu after? have lotion : afuta? she? buro? shon after? ski : afuta? suki? after (a? no) : ato after (sales) service : afuta? sa? bisu after (taking) a bath (a? no) : yuagari after a long time (id) : hisashiburi after a meal : shokugo after all : sarani, senjitsumeruto, kekkyoku, yousuruni, douse after childbirth : sango after death : botsugo, botsu go, shigo after dinner : yuushokugo after graduation : sotsugyougo after noon : hirusugi after one's death : nakiato after one out (in Baseball) : isshigo after recording (abbr) : afureko after school : houkago after tax : tedori after that : sonogo, sorekara after the rain : ameagari English? japanese Dictionary 63 English? japanese (dictionnaire) after the war : sensougo after this : korekara, igo after two outs : nishigo afterbirth : taiban, atozan, orimono, seigo afterbrain : enzui aftercare : afuta? kea aftereffects : yojin, yogo afterglow : zankou, yokou afterimage : zanzou afterlife : goshou aftermath : nibankari afternoon : gogo, afutanu? n, gogo, hirusugi afternoon dress : afutanu? ndoresu afternoon refreshment : oyatsu afternoon session (market) : goba afternoon shadow : afutanu? nshado? afterquake : yurikaeshi aftershock : yoshin, yurikaeshi aftertaste : atoaji afterward : sonogo afterwards : atode, nochihodo English? japanese Dictionary 64 English? apanese (dictionnaire) afterword : atogaki afterwords (a? no) : nochi again : mou, sai, aratamete, matashitemo, kotoatarashiku again (and again) : matamata again and again : nidosando, saisan, shibashiba against : agensuto, tai against one's will : muriyari against wind : agensutouindo agape : akape? agar? agar : tengusa, kanten agate : sh ippou, menou agave (cactus? like plant) : ryuuzetsuran age : toshigoro, nendai, e? ji, jurei, nenrei, ichidai age? group : e? jiguru? pu age (of a young lady) : houki age (one's) : yowai age 15 : shigaku age 16 (girl) : haka age 20 : teinen age 30 : jiritsu age 40 : shorou English? japanese Dictionary 65 English? apanese (dictionnaire) age 50 : chimei age 60 : jijun age 64 (man) : haka age difference : nenreisa age fifty : isoji age limit : teinen age of a tree : jurei age of decadence : mappou age of puberty : toshigoro age of the moon : getsurei age relationship : toshimawari age seventy : nanasoji, koki age shooter : e? jishu? ta? age sixty : musoji age thirty : misoji aged : furui aged 20 : jakkan aged 61 : kakou ageing : e? jingu ageism : e? jizumu agency : e? jenshi? , toritsugi, chuukai, dairiten, nakadachi English? japanese Dictionary 66 English? japanese (dictionnaire) agenda : kyougijikou, gidai, kaigijikou, nittei agent : dairigyousha, dairinin, e? ento, shuusennin, douin agent's charge : assenryou ages : hitomukashi agglutination : kouchaku, yuugou agglutinative language : kouchakugo aggravation : juudaika, kachou, kajuu, gekika, akka aggregate : shuukei aggregate amount : souryou aggregation : shuusei aggression : shinryaku, kousei, shinnyuu, sanshoku aggressive : aguresshibu, shinryakuteki aggressive attitude : koushisei aggressive war : shinryakusensou aggressor : shinryakusha aggressor nation : shinryakukoku agile : binshou, subayai agility : binsoku aging : shorou, fuke, e? jingu agism : e? jizumu agitate : kakuhan, aoru English? japanese Dictionary 67 English? japanese (dictionnaire) gitation : ajite? shon, sendou, sendou, kakuhan, douran agitation (abbr) : aji agitation bill (abbr) : ajibira agitation for expulsion : haisekiundou agitator : ajite? ta? agnate : fukei AgNO3 (abbr) : shousangin agnostic : fukachiteki agnosticism : fukachiron ago : izenni, izen ago (suf) : zen agonist : kyougisha agonizing : kutou agony : nayami, junan, hanmon, kutsuu, kunou agony of separation : riku agoraphobia : agorafobia agree with : douchou agreeable : kokoroyoi, aisonoii, kaiteki agreed : ikketsu agreement : icchi, gitei, kyouteian, shoudaku, nattoku, gacchi agreement of minds : uraawase English? japanese Dictionary 68 English? japanese (dictionnaire) greement of wills : ishinosotsuu agribusiness : aguribijinesu agricultural : nora agricultural chemicals : nouyaku agricultural community : nouson agricultural cooperative : noukyou agricultural land : nouchi agricultural produce : nousanbutsu agricultural products : nousan agricultural soldiers : tondenhei agricultural species : saibaishu agriculture : nougyou, agurikarucha? , noukou, nou, nougaku agriculture industry : noukou agriculture and forestry : nourin agrippa : sakago ague : okan ah : ara Ah! : aa, yare ahead : maeni, sakini, aheddo, osakini ahead of time : hayameni AI : jinkouchinou English? japanese Dictionary 69 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aid : kyuujo, sewa, hosa, fu jo, shien, kyuugo, kyuusai aide : fukukan, fukkan aide? de? amp : fukkan, fukukan aiding : josei AIDS : eizu aikido : aikidou aikido practitioner : aikidouka Aikido rear defence (MA) : ushirowaza Aikido seated defence (MA) : suwariwaza aikido world association : aikikai ailment : shikkan aim : shikou, mokuteki, shui, kokorogake, ate, kentou aim at : mokushi aim of attack : hokosaki aimed at foreigners : gaijinmuki aimless : manzen, atenonai aimless wandering : urouro aimlessly : burabura, hyouzen, dokotomonaku Ainu : ezo, ainu, ebisu air : tei, kuuki, ea, fuzei, kuuchuu, ea? , tenkuu air? conditioned : reiboukanbi English? japanese Dictionary 70 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air? conditioned car : reibousha air? conditioning : reibousouchi, reibou air? cooled (a? no) : kuureishiki air? cooling apparatus : reibousouchi air? to? air (a? no) : kuutaikuu air? to? surface (a? no) : kuutaichi air? to? urface missile : kuutaichimisairu air bag : eabaggu air battle : kuuchuusen air brake : eabure? ki air breathing engine : eaburi? jinguenjin air cargo : eaka? go air check : eachekku air cleaner : eakuri? na? air commodore : shoushou air compressor : eakonpuressa? air conditioner : eakon, eakondishona? air conditioning : kuukichousei, eakon, eakondishoningu air conditioning (abbr) : kuuchou air cooling : kuurei air curtain : eaka? ten English? japanese Dictionary 71 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air cushion : eakusshon air defense : boukuu air defense artillery : boukuuhou air dome : eado? mu air door : eadoa air drop : kuuchuutouka air duct : kidou Air Force : kuugun air force : eafo? su Air France : e? rufuransu air girl : eaga? u air gun : eagan air hole : kazeana, kazaana, kuukikou air hostess : eahosutesu air lane : kuuro air letter : koukuushokan air liaison officer : kuugunrenrakushoukou air mail : koukuubin, eame? ru air mass : kidan air mobile : kuuchuukidou air pad : eapaddo English? japanese Dictionary 72 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air pageant : eape? jento air people : eapi? puru air pocket : eapoketto, kuukikou, shinkuutai air pollution : taikiosen air pot : eapotto air pump : eaponpu air raid : kuushuu air rifle : earaifuru air right : earaito air service : easa? bisu air shoot : eashu? to air shuttle : eashatoru air sick : eashikku air strike : koukuukougeki air superiority : koukuuyuusei air terminal : eata? minaru air ticket : koukuuken air towel : eataoru air transport : kuuyu airborne : kuutei, eabo? airborne troops : kuuteibutai English? japanese Dictionary 73 English? japanese (dictionnaire) airbrush : eaburashi Airbus : eabasu aircraft : koukuuki aircraft carrier : koukuubokan aircraft) : unkou airhead : a? pa? , ahondara airily : hyouhyou airing of books : bakusho airline : koukuugaisha, earain airport : hikoujou, eapo? to, kuukou airport tax : eapo? totakkusu airship : hikousen airsick bag : eashikkubaggu airsickness : eashikkunesu airspace : kuukan airspace management : kuuikikanri airtight : kimitsu, mippei a irtight chamber : kimitsushitsu airway : eauxe? airy : fuwafuwa Akasagarbha (bodhisattva) : kokuuzou English? japanese Dictionary 74 English? apanese (dictionnaire) Akasaka Prince Hotel (abbr) : akapuri akin : doukei Akutagawa Ryuunosuke (auth) : akutagawaryuunosuke Alabama : arabama alacrity : binkatsu alarm : keiteki, keihou, ara? mu, hijoushingou alarm? clock : mezamashidokei, mezamashi alarm bell : keishou alarm clock : mezamashitokei alarming : yuyushii alas : atara, attara alas! : sai, kana Alas! : aa Alaska : arasuka albatross : arubatorosu, shinten'ou, ahoudori Alberta : aruba? ta albino : arubino, hakukakotai albino fox : shirogitsune Albireo (aka Beta Cygni) : arubireo album : arubamu albumin : arubumin, ranpaku English? japanese Dictionary 75 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lchemy : ougonjutsu, renkinjutsu alcohol : aruko? ru, sake alcohol expenses : sakadai alcoholic addiction : inshuheki alcoholism : aruko? ruizonshou alcove : toko, aruko? bu, tokonoma Alcyone (star in Taurus : arushio? ne aldehyde : arudehido alert : taiki alexandrite : arekisandoraito algae : sourui, mo algebra : daisuugaku, daisuu algebraic expression : daisuushiki alginic acid : aruginsan Algol : arugoru algorithm : arugorizumu, enzantejun algorithmic : arugorizumikku alias : henmei, urana, karina, imyou, eiriasu, betsumyou alias (false name) : gimei alibi : fuzaishoumei, aribai alien : e? rian, takokujin, eirian, iseijin English? japanese Dictionary 76 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lien elements : ibunshi alien registration : gaikokujintouroku alien registration card : gaikokujintourokushoumeisho alien tax : nyuukokuzei alienation : rihan, sokaku aliens : iteki alighting : gesha, chakuriku alignment : rosen, shoujun, arainmento, douchou alike : tomoni alimony : fuyouryou alkali : arukari alkaline (an) : arukarisei alkaloid : arukaroido alkalosis : arukaro? shisu all : arankagiri, issai, bantan, sukkari, tomo, menmen all? A (student) : zenkou all? America : zenbei all? in? one : o? ruinwan all? night : o? runaito all? night Mah Jongg : tetsuman all? night vigil over a body : tsuya English? japanese Dictionary 77 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all? occasion dress : o? ruoke? jondoresu all? out : zenmenteki all? out war : zenmensonsou all? purpose : han'you, banninmuki, o? upa? pasu, bannou, mannou all? purpose flour : chuurikiko all? round : o? ruraundo all? round (market) advance : isseidaka all? round (market) decline : isseiyasu all? round player : o? ruraundopure? ya? all? season coat : o? rushi? zunko? to all? season dress : o? rushi? zundoresu all? season track : o? rushi? zuntorakku all? star cast : o? rusuta? kyasuto all? star game : o? rusuta? ge? mu all? wave (receiver) : o? ruue? bu all? wave receiver : zenpajushinki all? weather coat : o? ruueza? ko? to all? weather track : o? ruueza? torakku all? wool : junmou all (a? no) : kakuhan, zenpuku, hyappan all (an) : sokkuri English? japanese Dictionary 78 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all (not) : kanarazushimo all (of you) : ittou all (one has) : take all (pref) : ban, zen all (present) : manjou all acts : hyakkou all ages : roujaku, bandai, bansei, rounyaku, kokon, senko all altogether : gassai all animate creation : gunsei all around : manbennaku all at once : isseini, tachimachi, issei all at once (a? no) : totsuzen all at sea : gorimuchuu all back : o? rubakku all candidates : zenkouho all circumstances : bankyou all companies : kakusha all compositions : zenkyoku all concerned : ichidou all countries : bankoku all creation : banmotsu, ban'yuu, banbutsu, banshou English? japanese Dictionary 79 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all creatures : issaishujou all day : shuujitsu all day and night : ichinichiichiya all days : zenjitsu all doors closed : happoufusagari all efforts : souryoku all Europe : zen'ou all evils : hyakuhei all eyes : juumoku, shuumoku all generations : mandai, yorozuyo all goods : zenpin all guarantee : o? rugyaranti? all hands : zen'in all health and happiness : banpuku, manpuku all heaven : zenten all Hokkaido : zendou all houses : banko all items : shinazoroe all kinds (of food) : hyakumi all kinds of : moromoro, hyappan all kinds of animals : hyakujuu English? japanese Dictionary 80 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll kinds of goods : hyakka all kinds of malicious gossip : akkouzougon all kinds of sicknesses : manbyou all kinds of trees : kigi all lands : zenchi all lines : zensen all locations (abbr) : o? ruroke all mail : zenbin all means : bansaku, hyakkei all members : souzei all members (unanimity) : zen'in all nations : banpou all nature : bansh ou all night : shuuya, hitoyo, hitoya, tetsuya, yomosugara, yojuu all night through : ichiyajuu, hitoyajuu all night vigil : yoakashi, tetsuya All Nippon Airlines : zennikkuu all obstacles : hyakunan, banshou all of a sudden : dashinuke, totsujo, gazen, ikinari all of us : ichidou all one's ability : zennouryoku English? japanese Dictionary 81 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all one's power : zenryoku all or nothing : o? uoanashingu all over : oteage, manbennaku all over the country : kunijuu, zenkokutsutsuuraura, tsutsuuraura all over the house : kachuu all over the island : touchuu all over town : boukan all parts : kakubu all pass : o? rupasu all people : banmin, banjin, bannin all phases : kakumen all places : bankyou all prefectures : kakuken all present : ichidou all ranks : kisen all right : daijoubu, yoroshii, shimeta, o? rai, junchou, yoshi all right! : yoshi all risks : o? rurisukusu all sects : kakuha all shook up : orooro all sides : happou, hachimen English? japanese D ictionary 82 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all sorts : kakushu all sorts of trouble : hyakunan all square : o? usukuea all the armies : bangun all the banks (of a river) : zengan all the citizens of the city : zenshimin all the daimyos : sanbyakushokou all the houses (in town) : zenko all the inhabitants : zenjuumin all the more : ichidan, kaette, wakete, kyaku, issou, naosara all the officials : hyakkan all the people : choumin all the peoples : zenminshuu all the rest : zenpyou all the time : nirokujichuu, itsudemo all the universe : banshou all the way : moroni, harubaru all things : banmotsu, banbutsu, ban'yuu, banpan all this week : konshuuchuu all through : buttooshini all through life : isshougai, isshou English? japanese Dictionary 83 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll tickets : zenseki all times and places : kokontouzai all together : ikkatsu all varieties of flowers : hyakka all year round : nenbyakunenjuu, ichinenjuu, nengaranenjuu all you can drink (id) : nomihoudai all you can eat (id) : tabehoudai Allah : ara? allegation : moushitate allegiance : kyoujun allegory : guuwa, aregori? , hiyu, fuuyu allegretto : areguretto allegro : areguro allergy : arerugi? allergy to pollen : kafunshou alleviation of fever : genetsu alley : roji, uratoori, yokochou, uradoori alley cat : noraneko alley house : uraya alleyway : roji alliance : rengou, engumi English? japanese Dictionary 84 English? japanese (dictionnaire) Alliance : araiansu alliance : renmei, doumei, gattai, renritsu, doumei allied armies : doumeigun allied political party : yuutou allies : kyoushoukoku alligator : arige? ta? , waniguchi, wani alliteration : touin alloc : arokku allocate : aroke? to allocation : waritsuke, kakudzuke, wariate, aroke? shon, bun'yo allophone (ling) : ion allot : warifuru allotment : kappu, waritsuke, wariate, wariategaku, wappu allotrope : dousotai allowance : yoyuu, tegokoro, shiokuri, kyuuyo, fuyo, kousa allowance for : kagen alloy : goukin allspice : o? rusupaisu allurement : yuuwaku alluring : kowakuteki alluvial : chuuseki English? japanese Dictionary 85 English? apanese (dictionnaire) alluvial period : chuusekiki, chuusekisei alluvial soil : chuusekido alluvial stratum : chuusekisou alluvium : chuusekisou ally : mikata, yokoku ally (of another nation) : doumeikoku alma mater : bokou, shusshinkou alma mater clique : gakubatsu almanac : arumanakku, koyomi almighty : zennou, o? rumaiti? almighty (a? no) : bannou almond : hentou, a? mondo almond oil : hentouyu almost : mazu, ayauku, hobo, hakkubu, kubu, arakata almost all : ookata alms : gouriki, hodokoshimono almsgiving : kisha aloe : aroe aloes? wood perfume : kyara aloes wood : kyara aloha : aroha English? japanese Dictionary 86 English? japanese (dictionnaire) loha shirt : arohashatsu alone : tandokude, tanshin, hitoribocchi, hitori, hitoride along : nitsuite, sotte along (the wall) (suf) : dzutaini along railway line (a? no) : ensen along the east coast : touganzoini along the eastern seashore : touganzoini along the north coast : hokuganzoini along the river : kawazoi along the southern coast : nanganzoini aloof : tsuntsun aloof from the world : hyouhyou aloofness : kokou alpaca : arupaka alpha : arufa alphabet : arufabetto alphabetical order : e? bi? shi? jun alphanumeric character : eisuuji Alphard (aka Alpha Hydra) : arufarudo alpine : arupain, kouzan alpine flower : e? deruwaisu English? japanese Dictionary 87 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lpinism : arupinizumu alpinist : arupinisuto alps : arupusu already : sudeni, mohaya, kanegane, mou, senkoku, kanete already acquired : kitoku already known : kichi already proved : shoumeizumi also : mata, yappari, yahari, nimo altar : saidan, kumotsudai altar boy : jisha altar of sacrifice : so alteration : kawari, kae, hen'i, kaisei, henkou, henzou, henka alternate : tagaichigai, kougo, orutaneito, hitotsuoki, kawari alternate interior angles : sakkaku alternate plan : daian alternately : tokkaehikkae, kawaribankoni, kawarugawaru alternating? current winding : bunmaki alternating current : kouryuu alternation : koutai, tagaichigai alternative : takuitsuteki, nishasen'itsu, o? ruta? natibu alternative plan : jizensaku English? japanese Dictionary 88 English? japanese (dictionnaire) alternative school : o? ruta? natibusuku? ru alternative space : o? ruta? natibusupe? u alternatively : nishatakuitsu although : tatoe, noni, tatoi altitude : koudo altitude sic kness : koushobyou, kouzanbyou alto : aruto altogether : sokkuri, zenbu, awasete, issaigassai, kotogotoku altruism : aitashugi, hakuaishugi, taai altruistic : rita alumina : arumina aluminium : aruminiumu, arumi aluminium and sicilicum alloy : shirumin aluminium foil : arumihoiru aluminium sash : arumisasshi aluminum (Al) : aruminiumu, arumi alumni : dousousei alumni meeting : dousoukai alumnus : dousousei, kouyuu, shusshinsha, sotsugyousei alveolus : haihou, shisou always : tsuneni, tsunedzune, fudan, kirinashi, itsudemo English? japanese Dictionary 89 English? japanese (dictionnaire) always (not) : kanarazushimo always a fool (id) : bakahashinanakyanaoranai always hitting the bull's? ye : hyappatsuhyakuchuu always saying the wrong thing : nenjuushitsugen Alzheimer disease : arutsuhaima? byou am : gozen Amadeus : amadeusu amalgam : amarugamu amalgamation : heigou, gouhei, gappei, goudou amanuensis : daishonin, daisho, daihitsu amassing of wealth : chikuzai amateur : amachua, shirou to, mongaikan amateur (abbr) : ama amateur word (in art) : tonosamashigoto amateurism : amachuarizumu amateurism (in art) : tonosamagei amazement : ikkyou amazing : kyoutendouchi, odorokubeki, sugoi Amazon : amazon ambassador : anbasada? , taishi ambassador plenipotentiary : zenkentaishi English? japanese Dictionary 90 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amber : anba? kohaku amber (colour) : kohakuiro amber colour : bekkouiro ambidextrous (person) : ryoutekiki ambience : anbiansu, fun'iki ambiguous : mourou, futokuyouryou, magirawashii, ayafuya ambition : haki, houfu, taimou, yabou, koujoushin, iyoku ambitious person : yashinka ambitious undertaking : yuuto ambivalence : anbibarensu, aizouheison ambulance : anbaransu, kyuukyuusha ambulance helicopter : kyuukyuuherikoputa? ambush : senpuku, fusezei, fukuzei, yougeki, mukaeutsu ambush attack : geigeki ameboid movement : ame? baundou AMeDAS : amedasu amen : a? men, namu amender : shuuseisha amendment : kaisei, shuusei amenity : ameniti? , kaitekisa America : beikoku, amerika English? japanese Dictionary 91 English? japanese (dictionnaire) America's Cup race : amerikazukappure? u American : amerikan American? Soviet : beiso American coffee : amerikanko? hi? American English (lang) : beigo American football : amerikanfuttobo? ru American football (abbr) : amefuto American Indian : hokubeidojin American League : amerikanri? gu American league (abbr) : ariggu American of Japanese descent : nikkeibeijin American person : amerikajin American plan : amerikanpuran American rugby (abbr) : ameragu American sign language : amesuran American submarine : porarisu American vulgarity : beizoku Americanism : amerikanizumu Americanize : amerikanaizu americium (Am) : amerishiumu Ameslan : amesuran English? japanese Dictionary 92 English? japanese (dictionnaire) methyst : amejisuto, ameshisuto, murasakisuishou amiability : hitozuki amiable : hitonatsukoi, onryou, aisonoii, hitonatsukkoi amicable : yuukouteki Amida Buddha's original vo w : hongan amidst : uchini amino acid : aminosan Amitabha (Budd. deity) : amida amity : shuukou, yuukou ammonia : anmonia ammonite : anmonaito ammonite (traditional name) : kikuishi ammunition : dan'yaku amnesia : kenboushou amnesty : amunesuti, onsha, taisha, tokusha Amnesty International : amunesutiinta? nashonaru amoeba : ame? ba Amoghasiddhi : fukuujouju among (them) : nakaniha among other things : nakandzuku among rocks : iwama English? japanese Dictionary 93 English? japanese (dictionnaire) morous : tajou, iroppoi amorous glance : irome amorous man : bikachou amorphous : amorufasu amortization : shoukan, shoukyaku amount : teido, bunryou, ryou, taka, kagaku amount allotted : buntangaku amount invested or contributed : shukkingaku amount of business : jimuryou amount of consumption : shouhiryou amount of drinking : insuiryou amount of inventory : shouhinzaidaka amount of investment : shusshigaku amount of money : kingaku amount of rainfall : kouuryou amount of sugar : toubun am ount of tax : zeigaku amount of work : koutei amount or sum (of money) : gaku amount received : shuunougaku amount sold : uriage English? japanese Dictionary 94 English? japanese (dictionnaire) mount used : shiyouryou amp : anpu ampere : anpea amperometer : denryuukei amphetamine : anfetamin amphibian (an) : ryousei amphibian plane : ryouyouki amphibious (a? no) : suirikuryouyou amphibious animal : ryouseidoubutsu ample : tappuri amplification : engi amplification (elec) : zoufuku amplifier : anpurifaia amplitude (of vibration) : shinpuku ampoule : anpuru amputation : setsudan amputee : setsudankanja Amsterdam : amusuterudamu Amtrak : amutorakku amulet : mayoke, gofu amusement : goraku, ikkyou, amyu? zumento English? japanese Dictionary 95 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amusement center : amyu? zumentosenta? amusement of the company : zakyou amusement park : yuuenchi amusement program : gorakubangumi amusement quarters : sakariba amusing : okashii, omoshiroi, omoshiro amylase : am ira? e an â€Å"expose† (in a magazine) : suppanuki an abductor : yuukaihannin an abortive : oroshigusuri an accuser : sonin an act : shiuchi an age : issei an American : beikokujin an antique : koki an armful : hitokakae an army : ichigun an arrow : isshi an art : ichigei an article : ichimotsu an auspicious event : kichiji, kitsuji English? japanese Dictionary 96 English? japanese (dictionnaire) an auspicious occasion! : omedetou an authority : kyohaku an eccentric : kawarimono an edition : ippan an effort : hitoiki an elder : jouchou an elder brother : sonkei an empty dream : issuinoyume an enclosure : ippuu an end : shuumatsu, kugiri an exchange transaction : kawari an expert : honshoku an expression : kuchimawashi an extra : omake an honest man : maningen an idea : issaku, ichian an immediate definite deal : hitokuchiakinai an imperial hearing : joubun an important office : ichiyaku an inch ahead : issunsaki an incident : ichigi English? japanese Dictionary 97 English? a panese (dictionnaire) an incurve : naikyokkyuu an individual : kotai, ichikojin an inferior : ressha an informant : sonin an ingredient : ichimi an instance : ichirei an instant : ikkoku, issetsuna, isshunkan, isshun an insurrection : ikki an iron : noshi an isolated house : ikken'ya an item : ikkou, ippin, hitotsugaki, ikken an office : ichiyaku an official : ri an old ceremonial garb : kamishimo an only child : hitorikko, hitotsubudane, hitorigo, isshi an only daughter : hitorimusume an only son : hitorimusuko an opinion : ichikenshiki an orange : orenji an ordinary method : hitosujinawa an ordinary person : ippanjin English? japanese Dictionary 98 English? japanese (dictionnaire) an overnight march : ippakukougun an RBI hit : taimuri? hitto an ultranationalist : ikkokumono an unbroken view : ichibou an upstart : narikin an) : kanpuku, kanshin, adeyaka ANA : zennikkuu anabolism : doukasayou anachronism : jidaisakugo, anakuronizumu anachronism (abbr) : anakuro anaconda : uwabami anaesthesia : masui anagram : anaguramu anal (col) (X) : ketsunoana anal fistula : jirou, kireji analects : goroku analgesic : chintsuuyaku analgesic (an) : chintsuusei analog : anarogu analog computer : anarogukonpyu? ta? analog computer (abbr) : anakon English? japanese Dictionary 99 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nalog digital (abbr) : anadeji analog digital converter : anarogudejitaruhenkanki analog speedometer : anarogusupi? dome? ta? analogous : ruiji analogue : anarogu analogy : ruisui, ruihi, anaroji? , souji analyser : anaraiza? analysis : anarishisu, bunkai, bunseki, kaiseki analysis table : bunsekihyou analyst : anarisuto analytical : bunkai teki analytical chemistry : bunsekikagaku analyticity (physics) : kaisekisei analytics : bunsekigaku analyzer : anaraiza anamnesis : kioushou Anaphylaxie (G) : anafirakishi? anarchism : ana? kizumu anarchism (doctrine of) : museifushugi anarchist : ana? kisuto anarchy : museifu, ana? ki? English? japanese Dictionary 100 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nathema : hamon, anatema anatomy